OPERATING PROBLEMS OF THE AMERICAN SHIPOWNER. 17 
ever, the total wage scale will be considerably less than if the same vessel were manned with 
a European crew. 
The manning requirements contained in the United States statutes as compared to the 
requirements contained in the British Merchant Shipping Act are illustrated. 
Section 4463, United States Revised Statutes, provides that no vessel of the United 
States subject to United States laws shall be navigated unless she shall have in her service 
and on board such complement of licensed officers and crew, including certificated lifeboat 
men, as in the judgment of the local inspectors may be necessary for her safe navigation. An 
entry shall be made in the certificate of inspection covering the number of officers and men 
required. 
A minimum manning scale for the officers is further contained in this section of the law 
which requires that every ocean or coastwise seagoing merchant vessel of the United States 
propelled by machinery and every ocean-going passenger vessel shall have a minimum num- 
ber of licensed officers for the vessel’s safe navigation according to the following scale: 
“All such vessels shall have a licensed master. 
“All vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over navigating on routes of more than 400 miles 
shall have three licensed mates. 
“Tf the vessel is between 200 and less than 1,000 gross tons, two licensed mates are 
required. 
“Tf the vessel is between 100 gross tons and less than 200 gross tons, one licensed mate ; 
but if the time required to make the voyage from port to port exceeds 24 hours, two licensed 
mates shall be required.” 
Wace CompartsoN—AMERICAN AND Brrtisi O1r-BurNING STEAMERS, 3,500 Gross Tons 
APRIL 12, 1922. 
A.S. O, A. British 
scale scale 
IMEI? Soa dy ddovoneopsuamanoneono hoooodoonuoddoona cond $265 .00 £42 10 0 
RISO MIC OL rns erelsloielrenecrarchelel srotehelsteisV ole etc efspisiesivavedsaiseastass 155.00 20 10 0 
SE CONAKO HA COL ear srerenicralcfotaiccren terciaverel Refecesoretevensrareraten stanshccetstoe 180.00 16 0 0 
ORIOL HCC Mac SIRE G OR CIOL CERT CITICRE OTL CICS Bice Ores 115.00 18 0 0 
ANIC EEN (5) nodacooccoonbGotnwohed anodopoagnonunod 285 .00 51 0 (0 
Ghrehencineenarirravier merrier craters iatne vel 240.00 26 10 0 
PINS trAGSLS CAN Griensracrstcinteyetehcraiepsrerarsislevedeiclelsievatstersieiniereceioraietetisie 155.00 19 10 0 
SECONAUASHIStANtatarnrtbnelvtcietleterelntcvelalaretatriniavarnielcareverrery ere 180.00 16 0 0 
ATGLECIHAEIN? ononnoonooddoouDDDODoboGOUnOOOnOUOOnNOaD 115.00 18 0 0 
Cfo). andodndaboooadooonpagodubounddaondduonodgono 165,00 83.0 OO 
Den (CB)! weaood00ead'noa dodvoovaoodogo0ndoD0DEDNODaO 150.00 81 0 O 
Stewardsandicoolcinacrehsciiivercts erervertotsverclelefeleteialeret sretelarevaters vets 105.00 14 0 0 
Secondicookiandibakersmierslstererstereicimercttnctieverevarrtarenvsreletaletere 70.00 10 0 0 
IVE eas bOY;s) (3) wevate's:s2s)afelaialevolelaiefarsasisielsvavsisiiletseiarsiave’ avets booed 90.00 25 10 0 
ad lovatererartevetelstaleterrera statoreisicreyaic) stat evetal eysvarars Tovalatararsisrevertaal ater 90.00 13 10 O 
WVV/ND OLiereverel ofetstelerelelsiaYaeloVelstelalerel ofeisioVelsiiiefeXelelssialitanislelerateaye(eye DD OOM weet Mea Tyee nuttin Gt tel stateta erate 
$2, 315.00 £345 0 0 
(PL, 507.65) 
Jdo Bi Gb Ads GHevolaoeinie ope anna modae codNoUMnadoKno adatthocnnooleaG HAACUMAND DUS OO DOS OMOOORU AE $2, 815. 00 
Britishnecaleympresentyexchan gest dn Sim Mill tnleletetateraafaltiarelertteleleiolelelartieideielshelelelefelsieiale)nieqatclelnvistevatelelvfalereselaiele 1, 507.65 
$807.35 
Subsistence difference ... cs .cceees cesses eereerereees aver haters totes ialetaiskavamerenctnlaterel Reta carstcietal tia earatoreyejem 180.00 
Moralmmonth WaCuiteLencematraitetyordcttstretrinattele rin atelctetveketernecataterafaletercretorererercieialstecerstsleiniatistatel eleteloisis $087.85 
Annual difference for 11 months at present rate of exchange, ....sseseceeee center tees seers tetenseneens $10, 860.85 
