SESSION OF THURSDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 9, 1922. 119 
THIRD SESSION. 
Tuurspay Mornine, NovemMBeEr 9, 1922. 
President McFarland called the meeting to order at 10.15 o'clock. 
THE PresIpENT :—The first paper on the program this morning is one entitled “Effi- 
ciency in the Operation of Steamships,” by Captain Daniel A. J. Sullivan, Member. Will 
Captain Sullivan kindly step forward to the platform and present the paper ? 
CapTaIN SULLIVAN :—Mr. President and gentlemen, I would like to remark that since 
the writing of this paper, July 1, several conditions have changed in the ship and shipping 
business. One must be constantly alert to keep up to date with the developments of affairs 
in the shipping business, and when I sailed for European waters on August 14 I could have 
made several corrections in this paper; when I returned, just a few days ago, I could still 
make a few additional corrections, and the Secretary has informed me that I have the privi- 
lege of making these corrections in the finished paper, before its printing, which I hope to do. 
It is rather difficult for one who is afloat to produce a paper of sufficient interest to you 
gentlemen, but I will try to do so. 
Captain Sullivan then presented the paper, and during its presentation made these addi- 
tional comments: 
“The data of operation were taken from the records of over fifty vessels. It was sorted 
out, and finally the records of a number of voyages, complete from the commencing to load 
until the cargo was taken out of the ship, are given here, and the records of each individual 
item of expense were added together and the total shown in the paper arrived at. There are 
examples embracing the ships of three different companies, and I have promised faithfully 
that no name of any company or ship would be revealed. 
“It is interesting to note that the fuel consumption of these three different ships is very 
close; and since the writing of this paper, fuel has increased greatly in price. On one of the 
voyages of my vessel, fuel was $1.05 and upward, and today we are paying $1.61. 
“Those in the service know of the various items where the ship paid for part, and in some 
cases, for all. 
“Of the total expense of handling the cargo and the total expense of the vessel, wages 
afloat, which has been the bone of contention, vary from 11.21 to 14.41; insurance varies 
from 18.1 to 12.1; wharfage from 1.9 to 1.7; and then there are contingency and brokerage 
fees and the usual fees for obtaining cargo and handling the vessels, grain fittings, and 
whether the ship is fitted completely to handle the grain, or partly fitted to handle grain. 
Subsequently, I desire to bring that point out to a greater degree and attempt to interest you 
in providing these special fittings. 
“Supplies for the crew—that is, subsistence—vary from 1.4, which I will admit was a 
very hungry vessel, to 3 per cent. 
“Under ‘Miscellaneous’ I have eliminated everything which varies over a small amount, 
which would only be cluttering up the paper, to averaging the various sundries, so that the mis- 
