164 REFUELING WARSHIPS AT SEA. 



from the collier Marcellus to the battleship Massachusetts. The German news- 

 papers described the apparatus at length and appealed to German engineers to pro- 

 duce a successful apparatus. One such article (Die Zeit Wien, Vienna, October i, 

 1903) closed as follows: — 



"In case of an introduction of apparatus of their own construction the Ger- 

 man Navy would become independent of foreign countries and at the same time 

 enrich home industry, being material profit, for the Spencer Miller contrivance costs 

 per ship about 64,000 marks. As it is probable that all line vessels and large 

 cruisers would be equipped with it there would be (in case this question were solved 

 by German engineers) a large sum of money to be saved for the German industry, 

 which would otherwise go to foreign lands." 



This appeal, which doubtless emanated from the German Admiralty, was re- 

 sponded to by several devices, two of which were thoroughly tested at sea. The 

 financial backers of each device claimed to have expended between $175,000 and 

 $200,000 in carrying forward the development of their coaling-at-sea appliances. 



The first was set aside. The Adam apparatus was adopted. The German 

 Admiralty demanded an apparatus that could transport 50 tons of coal per hour in 

 a moderate sea, the entire apparatus to be suitable for carrying on a cruiser or bat- 

 tleship. The German Admiralty has also insisted that any apparatus for trans- 

 shipping coal at sea must take coal from captured merchantmen or colliers. 



The cruiser Roon, 9,050 tons, was equipped with the Adam apparatus, and 

 succeeded in delivering an average of 62 tons per hour over a period of ten hours. 

 The apparatus was tested under severe sea conditions when the collier and cruiser 

 rolled at least 15 degrees. 



The Adam apparatus was first manufactured by Felten & Guilleaume-Lah- 

 meyerwerke Actien-Gesellschaft, Frankfort. It involves the employment of a con- 

 tinuously traveling endless rope bending around a series of fixed pulleys on both 

 warship and collier. A movable pulley on the warship is connected with an auto- 

 matic tension winch for taking up and paying out the cable as demanded by the 

 motion of the ships. 



The company manufacturing the Adam apparatus was bound by secrecy not to 

 divulge the number of coaling-at-sea apparatus sold, nor the ships which were 

 equipped with the apparatus, and for this reason the author cannot give any in- 

 formation respecting the equipment of the German cruisers with the Adam ap- 

 paratus. 



COALING GERMAN CRUISERS. 



The authorities in charge of supplying coal to German commerce-destroying 

 cruisers have done their work thoroughly and efficiently. During the period of 

 fourteen weeks each of these cruisers must have been recoaled at least seven times. 



The German cruisers Emden, Karlsruhe and Dresden and the converted Ger- 



