REFUELING WARSHIPS AT SEA. 169 



has outstripped the stowing facilities on battleships. In the author's paper, "Coaling 

 Warships from Colliers in Harbors," read before this Society in 1910, he pointed 

 to the record of discharging, with the marine transfer, 190 tons of coal from one 

 hatch of the collier Hector in one hour with two operators. 



He also stated that in future marine transfers' capacity was to be sacrificed in 

 the interest of economy of maintenance and operation, the new winches to be more 

 rugged, as fool-proof as possible, and the control simplified so that each marine 

 transfer could be operated by one winchman. It is gratifying to note that on the 

 colliers Neptune, Orion and Jason all the conditions set forth at that time have mate- 

 rialized. It is unnecessary to have a discharging apparatus with a capacity greater 

 than 100 tons an hour per hatch. It is wasteful of money to use more winchmen 

 than are necessary. 



MARINE CABLEWAY ON U. S. COLLIER CYCLOPS. 



The marine cableway on the U. S. collier Cyclops comprises the following 

 elements : — 



1. A main trackway cable i-inch diameter, 900 feet long, spanning from main- 

 mast of collier to portable spar on quarterdeck of battleship. 



2. An automatic tension engine with two 13-inch X 13-inch cylinders for 

 taking up and paying out suspended cable, maintaining practically a uniform ten- 

 sion of 1 8,000 pounds. 



3. A load carriage running on the main cable adapted to carry 4,000-pound 

 loads. 



4. A conveying rope in two parts, an inhaul rope J^ inch X 875 feet and an 

 outhaul rope J^ inch X 1,625 feet, one end of each being attached to the load 

 carriage. 



5. Two high-speed automatic tension engines, each with two 10- inch X lo-inch 

 cylinders for hauling the load carriage at a speed of 2,000 feet per minute and 

 automatically maintaining the tension in the conveying lines when the carriage is 

 standing still at either terminal. 



6. Hauling down apparatus on the collier whereby the cable and load carriage 

 are lowered for receiving the load. 



7. Lowering apparatus on board the battleship whereby the cable and load 

 carriage are lowered for delivering the load and receiving the empty bags. 



The automatic tension engine. Fig. 9, Plate 63, in connection with the marine 

 cableway, has entirely supplanted the sea anchor. It maintains the supporting cable 

 at the requisite tension and deflection, independently of the speed of the ships. 

 After the cableway is set up and the engine adjusted for the required tension, it 

 needs no further attention, other than oiling, throughout coaling operations. 



Fig. 10, Plate 64, shows one of the two lo-inch X lo-inch automatic tension 

 engines for operating the conveying ropes and the load carriage. One engine oper- 

 ates the inhaul rope, the other the outhaul rope. Both engines pull on their respec- 



