1891.] MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL. 267 



the microscope with one eye and to hold the other eye open at the same 

 time may get along even without the use of a camera lucida if he 

 gazes with one eye into the microscope and with the other eye at a 

 piece of paper lying beside -the microscope. In a few moments the 

 observer will find the object projected upon the paper and will thus be 

 able to sketch the outlines with comparative ease and exactness. 



In the execution of the drawing of the microscopic object it is best to 

 use strong paper — bristol paper or bristol board, and the paper should 

 be either pale yellow, pale green, or white, and slightly shaded. It is 

 also advisable to have the paper fastened upon a smooth board. First use 

 a soft and finely-sharpened black pencil, in order to secure the outlines 

 and the contour of the picture. It should be slightly shaded without 

 pressure. Then, with bread-crumbs, rub most of it out again. After 

 that, with a heavy pencil retrace the outlines of the first drawing, again 

 using the prism for comparison and exactness. This moment is the 

 proper time to do the shading, if such is required, and this can easily 

 be done with the point of a pencil and a rubber, or, still better, with 

 charcoal and soft cloth. For drawing a picture with colors, water- 

 colors are most commonly used ; after them colored lead-pencils, oil- 

 colors, and pastel crayon. I wish here to call especial attention to this 

 fact, that in shading it is advisable to shade off the uncolored parts first 

 with black ; particular care must be taken that the shading does not 

 extend into the colored field. It is also decidedly recommended to use 

 a variety of colors, especially in the drawing of very minute objects such 

 as endothelium and epithelium cells, fibrous and connective tissue cells, 

 blood and lymphoid cells. In drawing a whole slide, or only a part 

 of it, it is sometimes desirable to use a variety of colors. Not only will it 

 make a drawing more elaborate, but decidedly more comprehensive and 

 instructive. 



Virchow, the most expert pathologist of the 19th century, has said 

 that he would not give "• ein pfennig" for illustrations, drawings, or 

 sketches that were not correct and exact, because in every instance it 

 would convey a false impression. Besides this, Virchow has said that 

 all lectures, demonstrations, original articles of any kind, should be ac- 

 companied by first-class drawings or illlustrations. 



I therefore would advise every practical and expert microscopist, es- 

 pecially microscopists that are not artists in drawing, sketching, and in 

 the art of producing microscopic illustrations, to make use of the 

 grapho-prism. Especially so would I advise students of practical his- 

 tology, physiology, pathology, pathological anatomy, bacteriology, 

 embryology, and pharmacology to use the grapho-prism hand in hand 

 with the microscope. In studying a specimen under the microscope at 

 the same time when one produces a drawing of the object which he is 

 studying will certainly cause him to comprehend the subject more fully 

 than he otherwise would. 



" Disclaim," not " Disdain." — The Observer^ quoting from our 

 August number, makes Dr. Blanchard say that some of the micros- 

 copists of Washington are inclined to " disdain" the title of " micros- 

 copist." No, no, genial contemporary; not "disdain," but "dis- 

 claim." It makes a difference. By the way, the Observer is one of 

 the most helpful journals for amateurs. 



