1898.] MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL. 77 



have been effected, namely, at the effluent of sewers 

 which contained cholera discharges. 



In 1894, twenty-six students, at Middletown, Conn., 

 who had eaten raw oysters from Fair Haven, one week 

 previously, had typhoid and several died. The Fair 

 Haven creek received water from a sewer connected with 

 a house where there were at that time, cases of typhoid. 



In 1895, Nature cites a supper at which four friends 

 ate oysters all of whom had typhoid before the end of 

 the month. 



In 1894 at Southend, where sewage is deposited near a 

 pier surrounded with oyster beds, a protector of the beds 

 gave oysters to a family August 6th, two members of 

 which developed enteric fever on the 26th and 30th. 

 Some months later he gave oysters to several friends, 

 three of whom had enteric fever. 



In 1895, in France, fourteen persons in a small town 

 had eaten raw oysters from Cette and develojDed typhoid. 

 No other persons than those having eaten oysters were 

 infected and there had been no typhoid in the town for 

 a year. 



In 1843, at Marylebone, six persons ate oysters 

 together at a restaurant ; all had diarrhoea and other 

 intestinal disturbances, and one of them developed 

 typhoid. The oysters were from Colchester the waters 

 of which receive sewage and other pollution. Quite 

 recently other cases have appeared at Colchester, the 

 evidence proving the cause to be sewage soaked oysters at 

 Brightlingsea. 



In 1891, at Harve, France, oysters were eaten from an 

 artificial bed located at the outlet of a drain from a 

 public water-closet which resulted in poisoning. An 

 unusal prevalence of colic diarrhoea and cholera at 

 Dunkirk was traced to oysters from Normandy. 



In 1896, in a special report on infectious diseases 

 communicated with shell-fish by Dr. Wood of the Royal 



