THE FAIRPORT FISHERIES BIOIvOGICAL, STATION. 39 1 



rich stock of food to form a peculiarly favorable condition for fish life. For domestic 

 and scientific purposes it is also necessary to have a small supply of clear water, which 

 is obtained by passing river water, after preliminary sedimentation, through a covered 

 gravity sand filter. 



The pumping equipment consists of two 6o-horsepower return tubular boilers and 

 three steam turbine-driven centrifugal pumps. The two larger pumping units are of 

 40 and 20 horsepower and have capacities of 1,400 and 800 gallons per minute, respec- 

 tively; the crude river water is delivered through a main of 14 and 10 inch pipe to 

 the storage reservoir, from which there is a gravity flow to the ponds, to the tank house, 

 to the basement of the laboratory, and to the temporary laboratory, which has been 

 converted into a hatchery (text fig. 5, p. 393). 



The storage reservoir for river water has, in approximate terms, an area of nine-tenths 

 of an acre, a depth of 14^ feet at the outlet, and a capacity of 2,000,000 gallons. The 

 reservoir allows opportunity for sedimentation of the coarser particles in the river water 

 and for the development of the elements of fish food. While pumping operations are 

 usually carried on for five to eight hours each week day, the capacity of the reservoir 

 makes it possible to discontinue operations in case of emergency for two or three days. 



The smallest pumping unit is a 15-horsepower steam turbine-driven centrifugal 

 pump which delivers filtered water to low and high pressure cisterns, respectively, which 

 are constructed of concrete in the ground and covered (text fig. 6). The low-pressure 

 cistern is of 60,000 gallons capacity and at sufficient elevation to supply all floors of the 

 laboratory building; it is connected also to the tank house and the barn. The high- 

 pressure cistern is of about 4,000 gallons capacity and located about 75 feet higher, so as 

 to supply the cottages and hydrants upon the hillside (text fig. 7). The use of the two 

 cisterns permits substantial economy in pumping operations, since it is not necessary to 

 lift any considerable amount of water higher than is requisite for the intended service. 

 The clear water is obtained by passing a small portion of the water from the storage 

 reservoir through a gravity sand filter of about 20,000 gallons maximum daily capacity, 

 located near the boiler house. The filtered water is not absolutely pure, but has been 

 used with satisfaction. 



There must, of course, be complete systems of pipe lines for water, sewers, and drains, 

 and these comprise in all about 3 milds of underground piping (text fig. 4, 5, 6 and 7). 

 The water-pipe lines are principally of cast-iron, well asphalted within and without, with 

 bevel joints and the sections drawn together by bolts. Some threaded pipe is used, but 

 the asphalted cast-iron has been most satisfactory. To prevent freezing, the water lines 

 are laid with a minimum of 4 or 5 feet of cover, according to location. The size of water 

 pipes varies from 2 to 14 inches; that of sewers and drains from 4 to 15 inches. A 

 feature of the pipe lines is the provision of emergency connections. It is possible to 

 cut out the reservoir and to pump directly into all units ordinarily supplied from the 

 reservoir (text fig. 5) . Similarly, it is possible to pump directly into all buildings and 

 hydrants supplied from the clear-water cisterns (text fig. 6) . The former connection is 

 accomplished by the insertion of proper valves at a junction point just south of the rail- 

 way, and the latter by a short emergency line on the hillside. An explanation of the 

 emergency connection on the reservoir line will be of interest. 



It will be noted from the plan of the river water system, as shown in text figure 5, 

 that the lo-inch " reservoir supply line " (through which water passes from the pumps to 



