APPENDIX TO CASE OF GREAT BRITAIN. LOG 
under the Treaty of 1867. The archives of Russia will further show that the Impe- 
rial Government itself not only fostered these discoveries, but from the earliest period 
has asserted and exercised dominion over the North American possessions. 
“‘The discoveries of Behring in 1728-41 were under Royal Commission. In 1766 
Tolstyk, after his discovery of the Adreian group of the Aleutian chain, was granted 
special privileges in the new possessions by an Edict of Catherine II. The expedi- 
tion of Kreutzen, of the Imperial Navy, to Ounimak Island in 1758 was under com- 
mission of the same Sovereign. Upon the Report of the Committee of Commerce 
and the recommendation of the Governor-General of Siberia in 1768, Shelikof was 
granted a credit from the Public Treasury of 200,000 roubles to carry forward his 
enterprises in North America. By a Ukase of Catherine II in 1793 Missions of the 
Greek Church were established in the new dominion, and a Colony was also founded 
at Kodiak under Royal Edict. 
118 ‘THE RUSSIAN-AMERICAN COMPANY. 
“The Charter of the Russian-American Company issued in 1799 declares Russia’s 
dominion in the following language: ‘By the right of discovery in past times by 
Russian navigators of the north-western part of America, beginning from the 55th 
degree of north latitude and the chain of islands extending from Kamchatka to 
America and southward to Japan, graciously permit the Company to have the use 
of all hunting grounds and establishments now existing on the north-western coast 
of America, from the above-mentioned 55th degree to Behring’s Strait, and on the 
same on the Aleutian Kurile Islands situated on the north-eastern ocean.’ 
Tn conclusion, the Charter enjoins: ‘All military and civil authorities in the 
above-mentioned localities not only not to prevent the Company from enjoying to 
the fullest extent the privileges granted, but in case of need to protect them with 
all their power from loss or injury, and render them, upon application of the Com- 
pany, all aid, assistance, and protection.’ 
“This assertion of dominion by Russia was reiterated in 1820, when, by an Impe- 
tial Ukase, Alexander I granted the second Charter to the Russian-American Com- 
pany, renewing its privileges for twenty years, and was again asserted in 1844 by 
the granting of the third Charter, which not only increased the privileges of the 
Company, but also provided a system of colonial government for the Russian- 
American colonies for the twenty succeeding years. 
“RUSSIAN ORDINANCE OF 1821. 
“All these assertions of jurisdiction and dominion passed unchallenged, but in 
1821 the Imperial Government had issued an Ordinance regulating trafficin its Asiatic 
and American possessions, and reserved exclusively to subjects of the Russian 
Empire ‘the transaction of commerce, the pursuit of whaling and fishing, or any 
other industry, on the islands in the harbours and inlets, and in general along the 
north-western coast of America, from Behring’s Strait to the 51st parallel of north 
latitude and in the Aleutian Islands, and along the coast of Siberia and on the Kurile 
Islands, from Behring’s Strait to the south-eastern promontory of the Island of 
Urup—viz., as far south as latitude 45° and 50° north.’ 
“This Ordinance called forth the protests of the United States and Great Britain, 
and protracted discussions followed. A critical examination of the diplomatic cor- 
respondence between the United States and Great Britain on one side and Russia 
upon the other will disclose that the points in dispute in the controversy were the 
assertion of Russia to exclusive jurisdiction over the Pacific Ocean, the assertion of 
dominion over the coast of North America from the 55th parallel south to the 51st. 
(See note of Mr. Adams, American Minister to Russia, to the Russian Minister, 
March 1822.) 
“Following these discussions came the Treaty of 1824 between Russia and the 
United States, and the analogous Treaty of 1825 between Russia and Great Britain. 
By these Treaties, Russia receded from her assertion of exclusive jurisdiction over the 
Pacific Ocean, and abandoned her claim to possessions on the coast of North America, 
south of 54° 40’. 
“THE TREATY. 
“The following are the Articles of the Treaty between the United States and 
Russia germane to the questions involved in the case: 
«¢¢ ARTICLE I. 
““¢Tt is agreed that in any part of the great ocean commonly called the Pacific 
Ocean, or South Sea, the respective citizens or subjects of the High Contracting 
Powers shall be neither disturbed nor restrained, either in navigation or in fishing, 
