468 APPENDIX TO CASE OF GREAT BRITAIN. 
operation reqnires the exercise of a life-long experience, and is of the utmost impor- 
tance, as the killing of females, which are easily mistaken for young males, even by 
the natives, would endanger the propagation of the species, 
The same witness, when not an employé of the Treasury, gave testimony on another 
point in 1889: 
Q. Where are those seals born? Where do the female seals give birth to their 
young ?—A. They are born on the rookeries. 
Q. Are they an animal or a fish, or what are they; how do you.classify them?—A. 
They are hot-blooded animals born on the land; they are not a fish. 
Q. And born on the United States territory, are they?—A. Yes; all those born on 
the Islands of St. Paul and St. George. 
Q. That is in United States territory ?—A. Yes, Sir. ‘ Fisheries” is a misnomer 
all the way through, and always was. 
427 H. A. Glidden, an Agent of the Treasury Department, was on the Pribylov 
Islands from May 1882 to June 1885. In describing before the Congressional 
Committee the mode of killing seals by the lessee of the islands, the following 
occurred: 
Q. Do they kill any females?—A. They never kill females. I do not know of but 
one or two instances in my experience where a female seal was ever driven out 
with the crowd. 
* * * * * * * 
Q. Do you believe seal life can be preserved without Government protection over 
them ?—A. I do not. 
W. B. Taylor, a Treasury Agent, was asked the same question as to the killing of 
female seals, and he said that ‘‘he had never known but one or two killed by the 
lessee on the islands, and they by accident.” He was further asked as follows: 
@. When they kill the seals in the waters, about what proportion of them do they 
recover ?—A. I do not believe more than one-fourth of them. 
Q. The others sink?—A. They shoot them and they sink. 
(). Have you ever noticed any wounded ones that came ashore that have been 
shot?—A. No, Sir; I do not think I did. 
The same witness testified as follows: 
Q. You do not think, then, that the value of the seal fisheries and the seal rookeries 
could be preserved under an open policy ?—A., No, Sir; Idonot. Ithink if you open 
it they will be destroyed without question. 
@. Do you think it necessary to protect the seals in the sea and down in their 
feeding-grounds in the Pacific, if possible, in order to preserve their full value and 
perpetuity of seal life? Do you think they ought to be protected everywhere as well 
as on the rookeries?—A. Yes, Sir; I think they ought to be protected not alone on 
the rookeries, but on the waters of the Behring’s Sea. I do not think it is necessary 
to go outside the Behring’s Sea, because there is no considerable number of them. 
Q. Are they so dispersed in the Pacific that they would not be liable to destrue- 
tion?—A. Yes, Sir; they are scattered very much, and no hunters do much hunting 
in the Pacific, as I understand. Another reason why they should be protected in all 
the waters of the Behring’s Sea is this: a large number of seals that are on the 
islands of course eat a great many fish every twenty-four hours, and the fish have 
become well aware of the fact that there are a good many seal on the Seal Islands, 
and they stay out a longer distance from the islands, and they do not come near the 
shore. It becomes necessary for the seal themselves, the cows, to go a good dis- 
tance into the sea in order to obtain food, and it is there where most of the damage 
is done by these vessels. They catch them while they are out. 
@. So on the rookeries they go out daily for food?—A. The cows go out every day - 
for food. The bulls do not go; they stay on the island all summer. The cows go 10 
and 15 miles, and even further, I do not know the average of it, and they are going 
and coming all the morning and evening. The sea is black with them round about 
the islands. If there is a little fog and they get out balf-a-mile from shore, we can- 
not see a vessel—100 yards even. The vessels themselves lay around the islands 
there where they pick up a good many seal, and there is where the killing of cows 
occurs when they go ashore. I think this is worse than it would be to take 25,000 
more seal on the islands than are now taken. I think there is some damage done in 
the killing and shooting of the cows, and leaving so many young without their 
mothers. 
Q. Is it your opinion that a larger number of seals may be taken annually without 
detriment to the rookeries?—A. No, Sir; I would not recommend that. The time 
may come, but I think that one year with another they are taking all they ought to 
take, tor this reason: 
I believe that the capacity of the bull seal is limited, the same as any other animal, 
and I have very frequently counted from thirty to thirty-five, and even, at one time, 
forty-two cows with one bull. I think if there were more bulls there would be less 
cows to one bull, and in that way the increase would be greater than now. While 
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