APPENDIX TO CASE OF GREAT BRITAIN. 635 
Jast-mentioned point the line of demarcation shall follow the summit of the moun- 
tains situated parallel to the coast, as far as the point of intersection of the 141st 
degree of west longitude (of the same meridian); and, finally, from the said point of 
intersection the said meridian line of the 141st degree, in its prolongation as far as 
the Frozen Ocean, shall form the limit between the Russian and the British 
possessions on the Continent of America to the north-west.” 
45 It will be observed that this Article explicitly delimits the boundary between 
British America and the Russian possessions. ‘This delimitation is in minute 
detail from 54° 40’ to the northern terminus of the coast known as the north-west 
coast. When the boundary-line reaches that point (opposite 60° north latitude) 
where it intersects the 141st degree of west longitude, all particularity of descrip- 
tion ceases. From that point it is projected directly northward for 600 or 700 miles 
without any reference to coast-line, without any reference to points of discovery or 
occupation (for there were none in that interior country), but simply on a longitudinal 
line as far north as the Frozen or Arctic Ocean. 
What more striking interpretation of the Treaty could there be than this boundary- 
line itself? It could not be clearer if the British negotiators had been recorded as 
saying to the Russian negotiators: 
‘“‘Here is the north-west coast to which we have disputed your claims—from the 
51st to the 60th degree of north latitude. We will not, in any event, admit your 
Tight south of 54° 40’. From 54° 40’ to the point of junction with the 141st degree 
of west longitude we will agree to your possession of the coast. That will cover 
the dispute between us. As to the body of the continent above the point of inter- 
section, at the 141st degree of longitude, we know nothing, nordo you. It is a vast 
unexplored wilderness. We have no Settlements there, and you have none. We 
have, therefore, no conflicting interests with your Government. The simplest divi- 
sion of that territory is to accept the prolongation of the 141st degree of longitude 
to the Arctic Ocean as the boundary. East of it the territory shall be British. 
West of it the territory shall be Russian.” 
And it was so finally settled. 
Article 1V of the Anglo-Russian Treaty is as follows: 
“With reference to the line of demarcation laid down in the preceding Article it 
is understood: 
“1, That the island called Prince of Wales Island shall belong wholly to Russia. 
«9. That wherever the summit of the mountains which extend in a direction par- 
allel to the coast, from the 56th degree of north latitude to the point of intersection 
of the 141st degree of west longitude, shall prove to be at the distance of more than 
10 marine leagues from the ocean, the limit between the British possessions and the 
line of coast which is to belong to Russia, as above mentioned, shall be formed by 
‘a line parallel to the windings of the coast, and which shall never exceed the 
distance of 10 marine leagues therefrom.’” 
The evident design of this Article was to make certain and definite the boundary- 
line along the line of coast, should there be any doubt as to that line as laid down 
in Artiele III. It provided that the boundary-line, following the windings of the 
coast, should never be more than 10 marine leagues therefrom. 
The Vth Article of the Treaty between Great Britain and Russia reads thus: 
“Tt is, moreover, agreed that no establishment shall be formed by either of the 
two Parties within the limits assigned by the two preceding Articles to the posses- 
sions of the other. Consequently, British subjects shall not form any establishment 
either upon the coast or upon the border of the continent comprised within the 
limits of the Russian possessions, as designated in the two preceding Articles; and, 
in like manner, no establishment shall be formed by Russian subjects beyond the 
said limits.” 
The plain meaning of this Article is that neither Party shall make Settlements 
within the limits assigned by the IlIrd and [Vth Articles to the possession of the 
other. Consequently, the ilIrd and IVth Articles are of supreme importance as 
making the actual delimitations between the two countries, and forbidding each to 
form any establishments within the limits of the other. 
The VIth Article of Russia’s Treaty with Great Britain is as follows: 
“Tt is understood that the subjects of His Britannic Majesty, from whatever 
quarter they may arrive, whether from the ocean or from the interior of the conti- 
nent, shall for ever enjoy the right of navigating freely, and without any hindrance 
whatever, all the rivers and streams which, in their course toward the Pacific Ocean, 
may cross the line of demarcation upon the line of coast described in Article III of 
the present Convention.” 
The meaning of this Articleis not obscure. Thesubjects of Great Pritain, whether 
arriving from the interior of the continent or from the ocean, shall enjoy the right 
of navigating freely all the rivers and streams which, in their course to the 
46 Pacific Ocean, may cross the line of demarcation upon the line of coast described 
in Article III, As is plainly apparent, the coast referred to in Article III is 
