646 APPENDIX TO CASE OF GREAT BRITAIN. 
tional Jaw has arisen from precedents that have been established when the just occa- 
sion for them arose, undeterred by the discussion of abstract and inadequate rules.” 
Ihave, &c. 
(Signed) JAMES G. BLAINE. 
57 [Inclosure (A).] 
Convention * between the United States and Russia relative to Navigation, Fishing, and 
Trading in the Pacific Ocean, and to Establishments on the North-West Coast.—Con- 
cluded April 17, 1824; Ratifications exchanged at Washington, January 11, 1825; Pro- 
claimed January 12, 1825. 
In the Name of the Most Holy and Indivisible Trinity. 
The President of the United States of America and His Majesty the Emperor of All 
the Russias, wishing to cement the bonds of amity which unite them, and to secuce 
between them the invariable maintenance of a perfect concord, by means of the pres- 
ent Convention, have named as their Plenipotentiaries to this effect, to wit: 
The President of the United States of America, Henry Middleton, a citizen of said 
States, and their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary near His Imperial 
Majesty; and His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, his beloved and faithful 
Charles Robert, Count of Nesselrode, Actual Privy Counsellor, Member of the Coun- 
cil of State, Secretary of State directing the administration of Foreign Affairs, Actual 
Chamberlain, Knight of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, Grand Cross of the Order 
of St. Wladimir of the first class, Knight of that of the White Eagle of Poland, Grand 
Cross of the Order of St. Stephen of Hungary, Knight of the Orders of the Holy 
Ghost and St. Michael, and Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour of France, Knight 
Grand Cross of the Orders of the Black and of the Red Eagle of Prussia, of the 
Annunciation of Sardinia, of Charles III of Spain, of St. Ferdinand and of Merit of 
Naples, of the Elephant of Denmark, of the Polar Star of Sweden, of the Crown of 
Wiirtemberg, of the Guelphs of Hanover, of the Belgic Lion, of Fidelity of Baden, 
and of St. Constantine of Parma; and Pierre de Poletica, Actual Counsellor of State, 
Knight of the Order of St. Anne of the first class, and Grand Cross of the Order of 
St. Wladimir of the Second; 
Who, after having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have 
agreed upon and signed the following stipulations: 
ARTICLE I. 
It is agreed that, in any part of the Great Ocean, commonly called the Pacific 
Ocean or South Sea, the respective citizens or subjects of the High Contracting 
Powers shall be neither disturbed nor restrained, either in navigation or in fishing, 
or in the power of resorting to the coasts, upon points which may not already have 
been occupied, for the purpose of trading with the natives, saving always the 
restrictions and conditions determined by the following Articles. 
ARTICLE II. 
With a view of preventing the rights of navigation and of fishing exercised upon 
the Great Ocean by the citizens and subjects of the High Contracting Powers from 
becoming the pretext for.an illicit trade, it is agreed that the citizens of the United 
States shall not resort to any point where there is a Russian establishment without 
the permission of the Governor or Commander; and that, reciprocally, the subjects 
of Russia shall not resort, without permission, to any establishment of the United 
States upon the north-west coast. 
ARTICLE III. 
It is moreover agreed that, hereafter, there shall not be formed by the citizens of 
the United States, or under the authority of the said States, any establishment upon 
the north-west coast of America, nor in any of the islands adjacent, to the north of 
54° 40’ of north latitude; and that, in the same manner, there shall be none formed 
by Russian subjects, or under the authority of Russia, south of the same parallel. 
* Translation from the original, which is in the French language, © 
