DRAGONFLIES AND DAMSELFLIES IN PONDFISH CULTURE. 257 
A pair of Enallagma civile was observed upon a bullrush stem in pond 1D July 20, 1917. 
The female backed down the stem into the water for the purpose of laying her eggs. 
When the water reached the male and he became half submerged, he released his hold 
and perched on the stem above the water. But the female continued backing down the 
stem until she was at least 6 inches beneath the surface. Here she remained for ten and 
a half minutes actively ovipositing. Then a small sunfish, Lepomis euryorus, caught 
sight of her and snapped her up instantly. 
The female Enallagma often gets stranded on the surface of the water with her wings 
wet and unable to fly. When he catches sight of her in such a predicament, a male will 
fasten to her and try to pull her out. Such a resctte was witnessed in pond 2D; four 
different males fastened to this female, but the adhesion of the water was too strong for 
them. They could merely tow her along on the surface, each in turn giving way when 
he became exhausted. But together they pulled her far enough to reach some floating 
alge, onto which she crawled. Such chivalry deserved a far better reward than it 
received; a small cricket frog seized and swallowed her while she was drying her wings. 
ENALLAGMA ANTENNATUM (Say). 
Agrion antennata Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1839, p. 39. 
This species is rare about the ponds, and only a few specimens were secured; elsewhere it is often 
found in large numbers and becomes the dominant species, as noted by Williamson (1899, p. 275). 
ENALLAGMA CALVERTI Morse. 
Enallagma calverti Morse, Psyche, 1895, p. 208. 
Only a single pair was secured from pond 4, the male of which could be recognized by the excellent 
figures given by Williamson (1900, pl. 1). 
ENALLAGMA CIVILE (Hagen). 
Agrion civile Hagen, Synop. Neurop. N. A., 1861, p. 88. 
This is one of the two most common species of the genus about the ponds, and its nymphs are found 
in every pond. In 1915 this species and Jschnura verticalis constituted the bulk of the damsel fauna of 
the ponds, but in 1916 there were fully as many of the species hageni as.of civile. 
Williamson stated (1899, p. 270) that old individuals of civile often have the wings milky or gray 
and the pterostigma bluish or pruinose, and this was noted in several specimens collected in September, 
1915. Both the imagos and the nymphs take an active part in the life of the ponds, serving as food for 
fish and dragonflies. 
ENALLAGMA EBRIUM (Hagen). 
Agrion ebrium Hagen, Synop. Neurop. N. A., 1861, p. 89. 
Moderately abundant around the ponds and found in company with other species of the genus, 
which it very much resembles in habits and appearance. The nymphs were more abundant than the 
imagos and were found especially in ponds 1, 2, 3, and 4. They are just the right size to furnish good 
food for young fishes. 
ENALLAGMA GEMINATUM Kellicott. 
Enallagma geminatum Kellicott, Etom. News, vol. 6, 1895, p. 239. 
This is the smallest and most slender of the genus that frequents the ponds, but is also the most active, 
flying about restlessly over the water, often a long distance from the shore. It has the habit of sticking 
close to the surface of the water and alighting only on floating alge, which renders it difficult to capture. 
ENALLAGMA HAGENI (Walsh). 
Agrion hageni Walsh, Proc. Entomol. Soc., Phila., vol. 2, 1863, p. 234. 
This species, with civile and Ischnura verticalis, makes up 9o per cent of the damselfly life in and 
around the ponds. They are found everywhere in the vegetation near the ponds and often wander long 
