434 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
About 12 species, in tropical and warm temperate seas; seven of the species occur 
in North America. 
This is the northern limit of the genus on this continent. 
Udotea cyathiformis Decaisne. Fig. 5; Pl. LX XXIV, figs. 2 and 3. 
Udotea cyathiformis, Decaisne, 1842a, p. 106. 
Udotea conglutinata, Harvey, 1858, pl. 40 C (probably). * 
Udotea cyathiformis, De Toni, 1889, p. 512. 
Udotea cyathiformis, Collins, 1909, Dp. 395. 
Fronds 3 to 17 cm. high, greenish or whitish, more or less calcified; stipe mostly subterete, sometimes 
slightly flattened above, 0.2 to 5 cm. long, 1 to6 mm. wide, corticated; transition from stipe to flabellum 
abrupt, flabellum uncorticated, cyathiform, now and then 1 to 5 cleft nearly or quite to the base, or more 
often early divided to base on one side and becoming almost flat, but usually remaining more or less 
concavo-convex at extreme base, then obovate, semiorbicular, or variously shaped, 1 to 11 cm. long, 
I to 9 cm. wide, mostly entire, often irregularly laciniate, rather faintly or not at all zonate; filaments 
of flabellum 40 to 135 mic. (mostly 60 to 100 mic.) in diameter, in several or many layers, nearly straight, 
parallel and rigid, somewhat flexuous and interwoven, distinct, each filament surrounded by a calcare- 
ous sheath which is perforated by numerous pores; branches of the stipe cortex in compact cymose- 
fastigiate clusters, the ultimate divisions scarcely longer than broad, truncate, truncate-obtuse, or 
very commonly with expanded truncate-capitate apices. 
Florida; West Indies. 
Dredged on coral reef offshore, Beaufort, N. C., about 15 specimens, 1 to 3 cm. long, May, 1907; 
2 specimens, 4.5 cm. long, August, 1914. 
This is the only species of Udotea that has been found in this region, but others are liable to occur. 
Most of them may be distinguished from the present species with comparative ease by means of the 
description given above; but one, U. conglutinata, closely resembles the present form and is liable to be 
confused with it. These species are, according to Howe (1909), distinguished as follows: U.cyathiformis 
has a goblet-shaped frond (sometimes split and more or less flattened), with abrupt transition in structure 
from stipe to flabellum; the corticating filaments of the stipe are compactly cymose-fastigiate, the ulti- 
mate divisions being scarcely longer than broad, obtuse, and often expanded at the apices (fig. 5). 
U. conglutinata has a flattened frond, with gradual transition in structure from stipe to flabellum; the 
corticating filaments of the stipe are somewhat loosely and irregularly fastigiate, the ultimate divisions 
being finger shaped, rather acute at apices (fig. 6). In difficult specimens these characters of the stipe 
cortex are especially useful in determining the species. Howe (1909) has given excellent descriptions 
and figures of these two species. 
Family 4. CAULERPACEZ (Reichenbach) De Toni. 
Frond tubular, multinucleate, unicellular, traversed by cross strands of cellulose; 
multiplication apparently only by fragmentation of the frond; no asexual propagation 
or sexual reproduction known. 
Only one genus. 
Genus Caulerpa Lamouroux. 
Caulerpa, Lamouroux, 1809b, p. 141. 
Frond composed of a creeping stolon (wanting in one species), giving out rhizoids 
below and branches above, the latter of various form, usually erect, but sometimes 
prostrate, simple or branched. 
About 80 species, in tropical and subtropical seas. 
Caulerpa prolifera (Forskaal) Lamouroux. 
Fucus prolifer, Forskaal, 1775, p. 193. 
Caulerpa prolifera, Lamouroux, 1809b, p. 142. 
Caulerpa prolifera, Harvey, 1858, p. 16, pl. 38 B. 
Caulerpa prolifera, De Toni, 1889, p. 450. 
“‘Caulerpa prolifera, Collins, 1909, p. 413, pl. 18, f. 160. 
P. B.-A. Nos. 260, 1872. 
