MARINE ALGA! OF BEAUFORT, N. C. 485 
On our coast G. confervoides is the more southern form, being recorded for only one locality north 
of Long Island Sound. At Beaufort G. confervoides occurs mainly in the harbor and has been found 
only from April to November; G. multipartita occurs mainly on Fort Macon and Shackleford jetties 
and remains throughout the year. 
Genus 2. Hypnea Lamouroux. 
Hypnea, Lamouroux, 1813, p. 131. 
Frond filiform, rather terete, virgately or divaricately, more or less richly branched 
on all sides, often with numerous short, spinelike branchlets; fertile and sterile specimens 
often very different in appearance; structure cellular, traversed by a more or less evi- 
dent segmented central axis, inner cortex dense, composed of larger cells within, smaller 
ones toward the surface, outer cortex thin, composed of small vertical cells arranged in 
subsingle series; tetrasporangia scattered, embedded in the thickened outer cortex of 
slightly swollen ultimate branchlets, zonately divided; cystocarps almost spherical, 
prominent on ultimate branchlets, pericarp fairly thick, sometimes perforated by an 
apical pore, sometimes opening only by the separation of cells at the apex, attached to 
the base of the cystocarpic cavity by a network of filaments, gonimoblast arising from 
the base of the cystocarpic cavity, much branched, attached here and there to the net- 
work of sterile filaments and at these points giving off radiating tufts of short filaments 
whose end cells form short chains of carpospores; antheridia arising on the surface, 
forming a row of four spermatia from each spermatangium; tetrasporangia, cystocarps, 
and antheridia borne on different plants. 
About 25 species in temperate and tropical seas. 
Some of the species are easily distinguished, but some are separated by slight (per- 
haps doubtful) characters and are very difficult to determine. Determination is made 
still more difficult by the diversity in different forms of the same species, the cystocarpic 
plants of different species being said in some cases to resemble each other more than do - 
the cystocarpic and tetrasporic plants of the same species. A revision of the genus is 
needed, and such a study will probably separate the species along different lines from 
those used at present. 
Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux. PI. C; Pl. Cl, figs. 1 and 2. 
Fucus musciformis, Wulfen, 1789, p. 154; pl. 14, f. 2. 
Hypnea musciformis, Lamouroux, 1813, p. 131. 
Hypnea musciformis, Harvey, 1853, D. 123. 
Hypnea musciformis, Farlow, 1882, p. 156. 
Hypnea musciformis, De Toni, 1900, p. 472- 
P. B.-A. Nos. 196, 2185. 
Fronds filiform, 4 to 50cm. tall, virgately or divaricately, more or less richly branched, branches 
long, virgate, and rather sparingly clothed with small subulate branchlets, or short, bearing numerous 
short branches which are densely covered with minute, spinelike branchlets; apices of the branches 
often thickened and recurved to form tendrils, either naked or bearing short branches on their convex 
surfaces; tetrasporangia immersed in the thickened outer cortex, scattered over swollen portions at or 
near the bases of small subulate ultimate branchlets, zonately divided; cystocarps prominent, usually 
on small spinelike or subulate ultimate branchlets; cystocarpic and tetrasporic plants sometimes 
differing in habit; color dark green to light reddish green. 
Warm and temperate seas. 
Very abundant on Fort Macon jetties and in harbor, Beaufort, N. C.; less abundant on Shackleford 
jetties, attached to rocks, shells, and Zostera, from low water to 60 or go cm. below low water, fruiting, 
May to October, less abundant and usually sterile, November to April; one plant dredged from coral 
teef offshore, Beaufort, N. C., August, 1915; abundant in Newport River near Green Rock, in North 
