C. B. TICEHURST: PLUMAGES. 247 



coloured mesial streaks which are longer and more pronounced on the 

 scapulars ; rump and upper tail-coverts greyish-brown with an ochreous 

 tint ; line from base of bill passing into the superciliary and post- 

 orbital streaks creamy-buff surmounted by rather darker feathers than 

 the rest of the head ; lores and ear-coverts dark brown ; cheeks buffish- 

 white streaked with brownish-black ; moustachial streaks brownish- 

 black ; chin and upper-throat huffish-white ; lower-throat and upper- 

 breast pale golden-buff heavily spotted with brownish-black at the 

 tips ; lower-breast, belly and flanks whitish with terminal blackish 

 markings to the feathers, the markings being smaller and not so 

 profuse as on the upper-breast (some of the flank-feathers are of a 

 deeper golden-buff) ; under tail-coverts whitish-buff with dark brown 

 tips ; tail clove-brown with an olivaceous tint to the outer webs ; 

 primaries and secondaries dark brown, paler on the edges of the outer 

 webs, the two innermost secondaries with whitish tips ; primary-coverts 

 dark brown paler on the outer webs except at the tips ; greater coverts 

 dark brown, the outer webs with a huffish-brown tint and tips of pale 

 golden-buff, and on a variable number (usually the inner half) a 

 faintish mesial terminal streak of the same colour ; median coverts 

 dark brown with narrow mesial streaks of a pale golden-buff 

 broadening at the tips ; lesser coverts dark brown with narrow mesial 

 streaks of pale golden-buff ; under wing-coverts pale orange-buff. 



First Winter- Plumage. Acquired by a complete moult, 

 with the exception of the rectrices, remiges, primary-coverts, 

 and some of the greater coverts (usually the three or four 

 innermost only are moulted). 



Whole of the head, hind-neck, mantle and scapulars clove-brown, the 

 feathers of the head having darker centres ; rump and upper tail- 

 coverts olivaceous-brown ; line passing from base of bill into the 

 superciliary and the post-orbital streaks whitish, sprinkled with buff 

 especially anteriorly (this line is much better defined than in the 

 Juvenile Plumage) ; lores very dark brown ; ear-coverts dark brown, 

 some of the feathers having pale buffish-white centres ; cheeks and 

 sides of neck pale buffish-white or golden-buff sparsely tipped with 

 dark brown ; chin dull white or buffish-white ; the whole throat 

 buffish-white, the feathers with mesial longitudinal streaks and tips 

 of dark brown (the streaks being few or absent in the centre but well 

 marked at the sides of the throat) ; breast pale buffish-white or 

 dull white, the feathers with large central markings and tips of 

 olivaceous-brown, which often almost replace the lighter colour 

 especially at the sides ; belly dull white ; flanks rich rust-red, the 

 inner portion heavily streaked with olive, which markings in some 

 reach to the belly ; under tail-coverts white with olive-brown bases ; 

 rectrices, remiges and primary-coverts as in the Juvenile Plumage (but 

 slightly worn) ; greater coverts, the innermost three or four (which are 

 new feathers) dark brown, the outer webs with a buffish-brown tinge, 

 and edges of rust or golden-buff, the rest of the greater coverts as in 

 the Juvenile Plumage, but the tips slightly worn ; median coverts 

 clove-brown but the tips of the feathers paler, yellowish or rusty ; 

 lesser coverts clove-brown ; axiUaries and under wing-coverts paler 

 rusty-red than the flanks. 



N.B. There is some variation in the general colour of the under- 

 pays and in the size and number of the dark markings, and in the 

 number of greater coverts which are renewed. 



