243 BRITISH BIRDS. 



First Summer-Plumage. Acquired by abrasion and 

 fading. 



The whole of the head darker, due to the dark centres being 

 brought into prominence ; upper-parts and tail rather greyer in tint : 

 superciliary stripes white ; the under -parts dull white, all the huffish 

 tints having disappeared, the dark markings rather browner, bolder 

 and more prominent, and the sides of the breast much more 

 olivaceous ; the outer webs of the remiges greyish-brown in tint ; the 

 whitish tips to the innermost secondaries almost or entirely worn off 

 and those on the greater coverts smaller and whiter, or almost 

 disappeared. 



Adult Winter-Plumage. Acquired by a complete moult. 



Resembles the First Winter-Plumage, but can generally be dis- 

 tinguished by the absence of the whitish tips to the two innermost 

 secondaries, while there are no pale golden-buff tips or mesial streaks 

 to any of the greater coverts. 



Adult Summer-Plumage. Acquired in the same manner 

 as the First Summer-Plumage. 



Resembles the First Summer-Plumage, but there are no whitish tips 

 to the two innermost secondaries and no pale tips or mesial streaks to 

 any of the greater coverts. (Some birds in First Summer-Plumage have 

 lost these markings and cannot be distinguished with certainty from 

 birds in Adult Summer-Plumage.) 



FIELDFARE. Turdus pilaris, L. 



MALE and FEMALE. 



Down-Plumage. Not examined. 



Juvenile Plumage. Acquired while in the nest, the 

 Down-Plumage being completely moulted. 



Whole head and hind-neck greyish-brown, with a whitish shaft to 

 each feather ; mantle and scapulars brown with mesial longitudinal 

 streaks of varying dimensions of dull white or yellowish-buff, and dark 

 terminal bars ; rump smoky-grey with indistinct edgings and mesial 

 streaks of a paler colour ; upper tail-coverts dark smoke-grey with pale 

 edgings and tips to the feathers ; line from the base of the bill and 

 indistinct superciliary stripes dirty pale buff ; chin and upper-throat 

 pale buff ; lower-throat and breast pale buff tipped with roundish black 

 spots ; belly and flanks greyish-white, the feathers tipped with 

 blackish ; tinder tail-coverts dull white or huffish-white edged at the 

 bases of the feathers with dark-brown ; tail blackish, the central pair 

 having indistinct barring and the tips of the two outer pairs being 

 greyish on the inner webs ; primaries and secondaries very dark 

 brown, the edges of the outer webs paler, the secondaries having also 

 a chestnut tinge and the two innermost with pale tips ; greater coverts 

 dark brown .with a faint wash of pale chestnut on most of the inner 

 ones which also have terminal whitish shaft-lines, and all have whitish 

 tips ; median and lesser coverts brown with pale ochreous-buff or dull 



