C. B. TICEHURST: PLUMAGES. 325 



RING-OUZEL. Turdus torquatus, L. 



Down-Plumage. Pale buffish-grey. Distribution — Inner 

 supra-orbital, occipital, humeral, spinal and ulnar. 



Juvenile Plumage. Acquired while in the nest, the Down- 

 Plumage being completely moulted. 



MALE. Whole head and hind-neck brown-black, the feathers with slight 

 ochreous-brown tint at the tips, some having a faint whitish mesial 

 streak ; mantle, lower-back, scapulars and rump brown-black, with a 

 whitish mesial streak to the feathers and faint ochreous-brown edgings, 

 narrow on mantle, broader and more pronoimced on the scapulars, 

 faint on the rump ; upper tail-coverts brown-black tipped with faint 

 ochreous-brown ; ear-coverts brown-black, with central pale streaks ; 

 cheeks bumsh-white, heavily tipped with brownish-black ; chin buffish- 

 white, the feathers tipped with brownish-black ; upper-throat buffish- 

 white, the feathers necked to a variable amount with brownish-black ; 

 lower-throat very dark brown feathers, tipped with ochreous-brown and 

 irregularly marked with whitish at the bases ; breast, belly and flanks 

 barred with very dark brown and white or bumsh-white ; under tail- 

 coverts brownish-black, with mesial whitish streaks, and tipped with 

 bumsh-white ; tail brownish-black, with rather paler edges to the outer 

 pair ; primaries and secondaries grey-brown, paler on the margins of the 

 outer webs, especially on the secondaries, where these are greyish ; the 

 two innermost secondaries having also whitish tips to the outer webs ; 

 primary-coverts like the primaries ; greater coverts grey-brown, with 

 pronounced greyish edges and tips to the outer webs, the innermost 

 three or four have a. short subterminal mesial whitish streak (variable, 

 absent in some, faint trace in others) ; median and lesser coverts dark 

 brown, with prominent whitish mesial streak and tipped with huffish - 

 brown ; axillaries dull white, mottled with grey ; under wing-coverts 

 grey-brown, edged and mottled with white or buffish-white. 



FEMALE. Resembles the male, but the whole upperparts browner 

 in tint. 



N.B. — There is considerable variation in the amount of buff or 

 whitish on the breast, and in the mesial streaks and ochreous-brown 

 edgings on the mantle. 



First Winter-Plumage. Acquired by a complete moult, 

 with the exception of the rectrices, remiges, the primary- 

 coverts and the outer four or five greater wing-coverts. 



MALE. Whole of head, hind-neck, mantle, scapulars, back, rump 

 and upper tail-coverts brownish-black, with pale edges and tips of buffish- 

 grey to the feathers on the head, grey elsewhere ; ear-coverts brownish- 

 black, faintly edged with buffish-grey ; chin, upper-throat and cheeks 

 blackish-brown, the feathers tipped and edged with greyish-white ; 

 feathers of the lower-throat and sides of throat form a broad gorget 

 of dull white tipped to a variable amount with smoky-brown ; 

 breast, belly and flanks brownish-black, the feathers edged and tipped 

 with greyish-white, the amount being slightly variable ; under tail- 

 coverts brownish-black, with pronounced edges and tips of greyish- 

 white ; rectrices, remiges and primary-coverts as in the Juvenile 

 Plumage ; greater coverts, the inner three or four dark grey, with pale 



