C. B. TICEHURST: PLUMAGES. 393 



buff on the outer webs ; median wing-coverts black, edged with buff, the 

 inner of the series bordered with grey ; lesser wing-coverts black, edged 

 with buffish-grey or grey. 



N.B. — The shade of the brown on the upper-parts varies ; later in 

 the winter much of this brown edging is lost. 



FEMALE. Resembles that of the First Winter-Plumage, and can 

 hardly be differentiated from it, though in some the wing-coverts 

 appear to be slightly blacker and the edgings brighter. 



Adult Summer-Plumage. Acquired at the same time of 

 year, and by the same processes as the First Summer-Plumage. 



MALE. Differs from that of the First Summer-Plumage in the whole 

 icing being black, not brown, with only a trace of the edgings left ; the 

 renewed innermost greater wing-covert black, bordered with grey, and 

 edged on the outer web with grey-buff ; and the breast being as a rule 

 of a paler buff. 



FEMALE. Differs from that of the First Summer-Plumage in the 

 whole of the upper-parts being greyer, but not so grey as in the male ; 

 the lores darker, some almost black, and by the ear-coverts being of 

 a darker brown. 



WHINCHAT. Pratincola rubetra (Linn.). 



Down-Plumage. Grey. Distribution — Inner supra-orbital, 

 occipital, humeral and spinal (fide, A. G. Leigh, supra, p. 153). 



Juvenile Plumage. Acquired while in the nest, the Down- 

 Plumage being completely moulted. 



MALE. Whole head blackish-brown, with central streaks of buff 

 to the , feathers ; nape mottled with brown and pale dirty buff ; 

 mantle and scapulars dark brown and rufescent-brown, the feathers 

 with central streaks of pale buff ; rump mottled with two shades of 

 brown, some feathers having pale central streaks ; upper tail-coverts 

 rufous-brown, the feathers with a few dark spots or bars and rather paler 

 tips ; superciliary stripe and the line from base of bill dirty white ; 

 ear-coverts huffish, with dark edges and tips ; chin dirty white ; upper- 

 throat and sides of neck dirty white, with faint dark edges to the 

 feathers ; lower-throat and breast pale buff, with faint dark edges to the 

 feathers ; belly and flanks huffish- white ; under tail-coverts buffish - 

 white ; tail-feathers dark brown, with the basal half white, except the 

 central pair, the outer webs of the outer pair whitish, and pale buffish 

 edges and tips to all ; primaries and secondaries dark brown, with buffish 

 edges to the outer webs and tips, more marked on the inner two secon- 

 daries, which have also white bases ; primary-coverts dark brown, 

 with sometimes a little white at the bases of the feathers and faint 

 buffish edges to the outer webs ; greater wing-coverts dark brown, with 

 well-marked buffish edges to the outer webs, and the innermost two 

 or three feathers with mesial pale streaks ; median and lesser wing- 

 coverts dark brown, with mesial pale streaks and tips ; under wing- 

 coverts and axillaries very pale buffish-white. 



FEMALE. Like the male, but as a rule with rather less white at the 

 bases of the inner two secondaries. 



N.B. — The buffish streaks on the upper-parts become greyish-white 

 and the coloration of the under-parts becomes paler before the next 

 plumage is acquired. 



