C. B. TICEHURST: PLUMAGES. 397 



belly white ; under tail-coverts pale buff ; tail, primaries, secondaries, 

 primary-coverts _ and greater wing-coverts as in the Juvenile Plumage, 

 except for the innermost one or two greater wing-coverts, which are new 

 and dark brown, washed with French grey; median and lesser wing- 

 coverts with a variable amount of dark brown and French grey, faintly 

 tipped with pale buff -brown or brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries 

 pale orange-buff. 



FEMALE. Whole head, nape, mantle and scapidars brown, with a 

 faint vinaceous tint ; rump pale orange-rust ; upper tail-coverts pale 

 chestnut ; lores huffish- white ; ear-coverts buff-brown ; chin and whole 

 throat buffish-white mottled with brownish ; sides of neck vinaceous 

 brown ; breast and flanks orange-buff, darker on the breast, and the 

 feathers with whitish tips ; belly whitish ; under tail-coverts pale buff ; 

 tail, primaries, secondaries, primary -coverts and greater wing-coverts as 

 in the Juvenile Plumage, but the inner one or two greater wing-coverts 

 renewed and with less defined edging ; median wing-coverts brown, 

 faintly tipped with pale rufous ; lesser wing-coverts grey-brown ; 

 under wing-coverts and axillaries pale buff. 



N.B. — The coloration of the breast and throat is very variable, and the 

 inner greater wing-coverts are not always renewed, and sometimes the 

 bases of the feathers on the forehead are white. 



First Summer-Plumage. Acquired by abrasion and by 

 fading. 



MALE. Forehead and anterior part of crown white, band across 

 base of bill black ; rest of head, nape, mantle and scapidars French grey, 

 the last two with the feathers tipped with brown ; rump and upper tail- 

 coverts rather paler than in the Winter-Plumage ; lores black ; super- 

 ciliary stripe white, the feathers tipped with a varying amount of grey ; 

 ear-coverts black, with trace of brown tips to the feathers ; chin, 

 whole throat and sides of neck black, with only a trace of the white 

 edgings to the feathers left ; breast rich chestnut, with only a trace of 

 the white edgings to the feathers left ; remiges, primary- and greater 

 wing-coverts have their outer edges narrower and paler ; median wing- 

 coverts dark brown, washed with grey ; lesser wing-coverts French grey ; 

 rest of plumage much as in the First Winter-Plumage, but worn. 



FEMALE. The upperside has lost the vinaceous tint ; the rump and 

 upper tail-coverts are paler ; the underside has lost the white edges to 

 the feathers, and the buff has become dingy or a greyish-brown colour; 

 remiges and wing-coverts have lost much of their edgings, but those left 

 are narrower and paler. 



Adult Winter-Plumage. Acquired by a complete moult. 



MALE. Differs from that of the First Winter-Plumage in having the 

 feathers of the head, mantle and scapidars not so heavily tipped with 

 brown, and so showing more of the French grey colour ; lores and band 

 across the base of bill black, and in many an indication of the white 

 forehead and superciliary stripe is seen more clearly ; chin black ; throat 

 sparsely tipped with white, the edging to the inner secondaries paler and 

 narrower and washed with French grey ; greater wing-coverts all washed 

 with French grey on the outer webs and with faint brown tips ; median 

 and lesser wing-coverts French grey, faintly tipped with brown, this grey 

 on all the wing-coverts being much purer than in the First Winter- 

 Plumage. 



