BOA91 HANDBOOK OF AMEEICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 13 



the conclusion that presumably, at an early time, each human type 

 may have existed in a number of small isolated groups, each of which 

 may have possessed a language and culture of its own. 



However this may be, the probabilities are decidedly in favor of 

 the assumption that there is no necessity to assume that originally 

 each language and culture were confined to a single type, or that each 

 type and culture were confined to one language : in short, that there 

 has been at any time a close correlation between these three phe- 

 nomena. 



The assumption that type, language, and culture were originally 

 closely correlated would entail the further assumption that these 

 three traits developed approximately at the same period, and that 

 they developed conjointly for a considerable length of time. This 

 assumption does not seem by any means plausible. The fundamen- 

 tal types of man which are represented in the negroid race and in 

 the mongoloid race must have been differentiated long before the 

 formation of those forms of speech that are now recognized in the 

 linsruistic families of the world. I think that even the differentia- 

 tion of the more important subdivisions of the great races antedates 

 the formation of the existing linguistic families. At any rate, 

 the biological differentiation and the iormation of speech were, at 

 this early period, subject to the same causes that are acting upon 

 them now, and our whole experience shows that these causes act 

 much more rapidly on language than on the human body. In this 

 consideration lies the principal reason for the theory of lack of corre- 

 lation of type and language, even during the period of formation of 

 types and of linguistic families. 



What is true of language is obviously even more true of culture. 

 In other words, if a certain type of man migrated over a considerable 

 area before its language assumed the form wliich can now be traced 

 in related linguistic groups, and before its culture assumed the definite 

 type the further development of which can now be recognized, there 

 would be no possibility of ever discovering a correlation of type, 

 language, and culture, even if it had ever existed; but it is quite 

 possible that such correlation has really never occurred. 



It is quite conceivable that a certain racial type may have scat- 

 tered over a considerable area during a formative period of speech, 

 and that the languages which developed among the various groups 



