92 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



The Pacific coast division^ formerly consisted of one band in the 

 interior of British Columbia, two small bands in the state of Washing- 

 ton, and many villages in a strip of nearly continuous territory about 

 four hundred miles in length, beginning at the Umpqua river, Oregon, 

 and extending south between the coast and coast range mountains to 

 the head waters of Eel river in California. At the Klamath river 

 their territory was cut through at one point by the Yurok who occu- 

 pied the lower portion of that river and the coast southward nearly 

 to the mouth of Mad river. From that point the non-Athapascan 

 Wiyot extended along the coast a little south of the mouth of Eel 

 river. These villages were separated in many cases from each other 

 by low but rugged mountains. They were surrounded by the small 

 stocks characteristic of the region. 



The southern division ^ occupies a very large area in the Southwest, 

 including much of Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas, and ex- 

 tending to some distance into Mexico proper. The people form three 

 groups, the Lipan in the East, the Navaho south of the San Juan 

 river in eastern Arizona and western New Mexico, and the various 

 tribes of Apache east and south of the Navaho. This division greatly 

 exceeds in numbers all the other Athapascan people. Their principal 

 neighbors were the Piman, Shoshonean, and Pueblo peoples. 



Wide differences in physical type and culture, and considerable 

 changes in language, make it certain that these divisions have not 

 been separated from each other recently. 



In the Pacific coast division, to which the Hupa belong, are at least 

 four languages mutually unintelligible. The Umpqua at the north 

 seems to diflfer widely from the dialects south of it, both in its pho- 

 netic character and its vocabulary. From the Umpqua southward to 

 the Yurok country on the Klamath river the dialects seem to shade 

 into one another, those formerly spoken on the Coquille river and 



1 Publications treating this division of the Athapascan are: 



J. Owen Dorsey. Indians of the Siletz Reservation, Oregon. American Anthropologist, ii, 55-61. 



Washington, 1889. — The Gentile System of the Siletz Tribes. Journal of American Folk-Lore, 



III, 227-237. Boston, 1890. 

 Stephen Powers. The Northern California Indians. Overland Monthly, viii, ix. San Francisco, 



1872-74. 

 Pliny Earle Goddard. Kato Texts. Uiwersity of California Publicalisns, American Archseology and 



Ethnology, v, no. 3. 



2The published material concerning this division is mostly restricted to the Navaho, and has been 

 collected by one author, Dr. Washington Matthews. The more important of his worlcs are: 

 The Mountain Chant: a Navajo Ceremony. Fifth Annual Report of the Bur eaxi, of Ethnology, 1887. 

 Navaho Legends. Memoirs of the American Folk-Lore Society, v. Boston, 1897. 

 The Night Chant. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, vi. New York, 1902. 



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