110 BUEEAU OF AMEEICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



limiting noun or pronoun. Many nouns, upon taking' the prefixes, 

 add a syllable to the end, which seems to have no other office than the 

 preservation of the symmetry of the word in some yvay. This added 

 syllable has e for its vowel, but is preceded by various consonants, 

 apparently suggested by the final sound of the original word. 



millitde its smoke (from lU smoke) 

 nolinke our pets (from Lin a pet, a dog) 

 iwhwinne her song (from hwin^ a song) 



It will be noticed that in some of the examples given, i, the surd 

 lateral consonant, becomes the sonant I. 



§ 26. Locative Suffixes 



There are several suffixes employed in Hupa which might be looked 

 upon as case-endings, since they are not permanent parts of the nouns 

 to which they are attached, but indicate varying relations of position 

 or direction. Some of these sufiixes are also post-positions ; but when 

 so used they follow a pronominal prefix. Examples of suffixes show- 

 ing place-relations are the following : 



1. -^>ie«iN. 



Lohmunme^ glade onl}^ in (a prominent hill) 

 tseyeme^ in (under) a rock 



2. -difi AT. 



tnikklndirt its base at (the name of the place by the back of 

 the house) 



3. -tcifi TOWARD. 



Ldhwunkuttcln, glade only on toward 



4. -Jiai ALONG. 



xoftselkai his forearm along 



5. -kilt ON. 



Lohmufihiit glade only on 



§ 2^4. Tense 



By the use of suffixes the time of the noun's existence may be indi- 

 cated. This process practically gives tenses to nouns. For the past, 

 -neen is employed : for example, xcnUjieen his wife used to be (she 

 is now dead). The same form might mean only that the possession of 

 her had ceased. The future, as in verbs, is indicated by -te: for 

 example, mitLowete their medicine it will be (Indians who are to 

 possess it have not j^et come into existence). 



§§ 26, 27 



