124 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



12. -newan. The suffix -newan indicates that the act is done, but 



with difficulty. 

 dotcuxonneLintenewan one can hardl}^ look at 



13. -de^. For the expression of a future condition, -de^ is employed. 



adende^ if he sings 

 axoladeF if it happens 308.1 



11. -detc. This suffix, which occurs but rarely, seems to indicate 

 a less probable and more general future condition. 

 tcisseLwindetc if he kills 



15. -mifiitine. For the expression of the result of supposed condi- 



tions contrary to fact, -inininne is employed. 

 dddaxdatinmininne (people) would never have died 



§ 42. SuflS.xes Indicating Source of Information 



Certain suffixes are used to show by which of the senses the fact 

 stated was observed, or whether it was inferred from evidence. 



16. -e. The vowel -g, standing by itself or preceded by the consonant 



or semi-vowel of the preceding syllable, indicates that the object 

 or act is within the view of the speaker. 

 mewintcmne he stuck to it (he saw) 



17. -tsUf -tse. When the act is perceived by the sense of hearing 



or feeling, -ise is appended to the present definite, and -tsu to the 

 past definite. 



neluwgittse I feel afraid 

 adentsu he heard it say 



18. -xolau. A fact inferred from evidence is expressed by the 



suffix -xolan. Since the act is viewed as already completed, 

 the verbs often have the force of the pluperfect. 

 Lenanillaxolan he had built a fire (he saw) 



19. -xOlHii, This suffix is said to differ from the preceding only in 



the fact that the evidence is more certain. 



xalaxolun grass has grown up (the fact is certain, for the grass 

 is there, although the growing of it was not seen) 



§ 43. Conjunctional SuflB.xes 



A few suffixes are conjunctional. Their union with the verb seems 

 to be rather loose. 

 §§ 42, 43 



