BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 125 



20. -hit. The suffixing of -hit to the verb has the effect of making' it 



part of a subordinate temporal clause. 



yexdnunh.it when they ran in 

 tcein^ithit when he woke up 



21. -^niL, This suffix has nearly or quite the same force as -hit. 

 yitsin ee^amih west (the sun) used to be then 



22. -tsit. This suffix, which occurs seldom, means that the act 



expressed by the verb to which it is added is to be done before 

 some other contemplated act. 

 hinyuntsit eat first 



§ 44. Adverbial Suffixes 



There are two suffixes which appear to be adverbial. 



23. -he. This suffix emphasizes a negative command or a condi- 



tional statement. It is comparable to English in the least, or 

 French pas, in negative clauses. 



doaduwinnehe don't say that 

 tcuwlyunilhe even if he eat it 



24. -haf -Hk, These suffixes signify like, in the manner of. 

 atenka the way they do 



nesedaiuk the way I sat 



VERBAL ROOTS (§§ 45-50) 

 § 45. Variation of Verbal Roots 



The greater number of verbal roots undergo a change of form or 

 length, for the most part connected with the changes of mode or tense. 

 In a few cases there is also a change within the mode or tense for the 

 persons. For number, the change, when present, is not an alteration 

 of the root, due to phonetic or morphological causes, but a substitu- 

 tion, in the dual and plural, of a root altogether different from that in 

 the singular. 



Sometimes the changes in the root mark off the definite tenses from 

 the indefinite; in other cases the customary and impotential are differ- 

 ent also in the form of the root from the present indefinite and imper- 

 ative; and in a few cases, the impotential alone has a form longer than 

 or different from that found elsewhere in the verb. The indefinite pres- 

 ent and imperative are the weakest of all in the form of their roots. 

 Of the definite tenses, the past is usually longer than the present, and 



§§ 44, 45 



