BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 149 



The Hupa employ hai referring to persons or things, singular or 

 pLural, in a manner that falls between our use of that (the demonstra- 

 tive) and the (the definite article). It is employed before the third 

 person of the possessive where our idiom does not require an article. 



§ 82. Adjective Pronouns 



There are a number of words, equivalent in meaning to all, every, 

 SEVERAL, etc., which stand alone, the person or thing limited by them 

 being understood from the context. 



The most important of these are the following: 



a tin all dunhwee nobody 



atinne all people dunhwo^ somebody 



atindco^dnte everything dlhmo^ something 



atmlca^mite every kind dlhwee nothing 



atindin every place dunLunhwon several people 



xodaidehe anything dunLunhwo^ several things 



§ 83, Wumerals 



The numerals to four are common to the Athapascan languages, 

 most of which have cognate words for five also. From five to nine 

 the Hupa numerals are not easily analyzed. Ten (nmiLun) means 

 ENOUGH FOR IT. The numerals above ten are made b}' expressing 

 addition for the numbers lying between the decimal terms and by 

 multiplication for those terms. The meaning of La^itdil'khi, one hun- 

 dred, is not evident. No higher numbers exist, but the hundreds 

 may be enumerated to a thousand or more. 



A special termination is used when enumerating people. This seems 

 to be an old suffix, -Jil or -iie, meaning people. Compare La^ and 

 Luwun., nax and nanin., tak and takun^ dlnh and dinkln^ and tcwola^ 

 and tcwolane^ the numerals from one to five, for things and people 

 respectively. 



§84. Adverbs 



Notwithstanding that place and time relations are freely expressed 

 by means of verbal prefixes, a large number of adverbs are employed. 

 These are for the most part closely connected with demonstrative 

 pronouns in their meaning and the elements from which they are 

 formed. Of the formative elements which do not also occur in demon- 

 stratives are those employed in expressing directions. These have a 



§§ 82-84 



