172 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



aJcA't JtAs qox ayu' Jias aositVn when they paddled toward it they 

 saw it {a- indefinite pronoun; IcAt toward; Jias they; qox to go 

 by canoe; a-yu indefinite pronoun and demonstrative; a- indefi- 

 nite pronoun; o- [§ 1T.2]; si- [§ 18.1]; (in to see; here a is used 

 three times; first, replacing xtxtc! frog as object of the post- 

 position hAt,' second, in combination with yii^ performing the 

 function of a conjunction, when; and, third, in the principal 

 verb, again taking the place of xtxtc!) 



The pronoun is contracted with a few verbal prefixes. The i com- 

 bines with the terminal vowel of preceding elements, as in xAt 

 q!eiDu!s!tn thou questionest me {q! a-'i = q!e mouth thou; xa and 

 the prefix %oa- form ,wa, although xoa may perhaps originate in other 

 ways also. Contractions are particularly characteristic of the future, 

 which has a prefix gu-. This combines with the first person to qwa (for 

 guxd)\ with the second person to ge (for gu-l). These forms will be 

 discussed later on (§ 15.5). 



§ 12. The Demonstrative Pronoun 



The demonstrative pronouns are used with nouns, with verbs when 

 changed into nouns, in the formation of connectives, and with certain 

 elements which transform them into independent demonstratives. 



1. he indicates an object very near and alwa3\s present. 



2. tfa indicates an object very near and present, but a little farther 



awa}^ than the preceding. 



3. yn indicates an object more remote, l)ut it has now come to per- 



form almost the function of an article. 



4. ire indicates an object far remote and usually entirely invisible. 



It has come to be used almost with the freedom of yu. 



Following are examples of their use: 



he'Unqtt ) , , . he' do this place here 



,,_ ^_, V this person _,^ , , , . , ,,. 

 yahngtt \ yat.'a this place, this person 



yu'UngU the person yu'do Wc a'nt there is thy father's town 



w^lingtt that person ayu! , awe\ when, that being done 



Some of them are also employed with post-positions; as, hat hither. 

 Sometimes, particularl}^ in songs, another demonstrative, yadi^ is heard, 

 which is evidently compounded from ya. It differs from ya in being 

 used to refer to a person who has just been spoken of, but is not 

 actually present. 



§12 



