BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 179 



2. if- (o-) often accompanies simple statements of past actions. 



This prefix is never used with the future gu-, or with wu-, nor 

 apparently with the first and second persons singular and 

 plural, and occurs only in the principal verb. It may be an 

 element expressing the active, but may equally well be 

 regarded as a past-temporal prefix. 



yen uqo'xtc he always came there (yen there ; u- prefix ; qox to go 



by canoe; -tc always [§19.1]) 

 Leg! ts.'utd't an Ice udzigl't dutcu'ni one morning he awoke with 



his dream (leq! one; ts.'utd't morning [see p. 200, note 11]; an 



with it; ke up; u- prefix; dzi- prefix [§18.6]; gU to awake; 



du his; tcun dream; -i possessive suffix) 

 LAX q.'un JiAS uxe' many nights they stayed out {lax very; q!un 



many (nights); Jias they; u- prefix; xe to camp) 

 ayu' liAS aositi'n there they saw it (a- indefinite pronoun; o- 



verbal prefix; si- indicative prefix [§ 18.1]; tin to see) 

 Le dutu'tx got laoduk.'i't it all got out of his head (le out; du his; 



tu into; -t at; -xfrom; qot all; ^-a- causative [§ 15.2]; o- verbal 



prefix; du- verbal prefix [§ 17.3]; IcIU to get) 



3. dit- is very nearly identical in meaning with the English perfect 



tense, conveying the idea of something already accomplished. 

 It resembles wa- [§ 18.2] in some respects, and is often used 

 conjointly with it; but while wa- seems to express finality, du- 

 expresses previous accomplishment. 



Le dutu'tx qot JcaodulcH't it got all out of his head (see above no. 



2, ex. 5) 

 clc.'e d'gitaTidn yu'yaodudziqa "get up!" they said to him (cJc!e 



up; d'gitahdn get [?]; yu- demonstrative; ya- verbal prefix 



[§ 15.3]; o-du-dzi-[l 17.2; § 18.6]; ga to say) 

 age'di Iias gd'dustln when they saw them already inside {a- 



indefinite pronoun; ge inside; d% to; Iias they; ga- when 



[§ 17.4]; du-s- [§ 18.1]; tin to see) 

 Tcoduci' dulgd' they hunted for him (ko- [§ 15.6]; du-; el to 



hunt ; du he ; t euphonic [ ?] ; ga for) 

 Lei wudusJcu' they knew not (Lei not; wu- [§ 15.4]; du-; s- 



[§ 18.1]; leu to know) 

 ts.'utd't Mn WA'tdi alcaye'Jc wudu'waax Atxe'tc the next morning (it) 



was to be heard at the mouth of the creek (ts.'utd't [see p. 200, 



note 11]; Mn water; WAt mouth; di to; a- indefinite pronoun; 



Tcaye'Jc at; wu- [§ 15.4]; du-; wa- [§ 18.2]; ax to hear; At 



indefinite object; xe to go on; -tc always [§ 19-1]) 



§17 



