192 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



§ 21, Compositioti of Verb-Stems 



A real composition of two verb-stems in one word seems to be 

 entirely wanting. It sometimes happens, however, that the stem 

 which contains the principal idea is placed before another verb-stem 

 of very general meaning, such as ti to be, xix to get, or nuk^ to 

 BECOME, and is there treated as if it were a prefix or an adverbial 

 modifier, all of the other verbal prefixes being attached to the 

 general auxiliary stem. Thus we have — 



ylha'n Ice gax (jAxyisati' you (pi.) will cry, where gax is the 

 regular stem of the verb meaning to cry, and ti, the stem of 

 the verb to be, taking the future, pronominal, and all other 

 prefixes. Similar to this is k.'dnt Jias uwanu'lc^ they became 

 ANGRY, where Jc.'dn signifies anger, and 7iuJc'^ to become. Of 

 this same type is qot cu'waxix they were all destroyed, 

 although it is uncertain whether qot is ever employed as a 

 regular stem in the place of xix. 



The list on pages 190 and 191 contains the analysis of a number 

 of verbal forms in accordance with the groups of prefixes and suf- 

 fixes described in §§ 14-20. 



Adverbs (§§22, 23) 

 § 22. Modal Adverbs 



1. agt is an interrogative adverb which is used in interrogative 



sentences in which no interrogative pronoun occurs. It is 

 placed after the verb, or near the beginning of the clause. 



iyaA'xtc agi'f do you hear it? 



uhd'n agi' yeJcd' At tuxA'cl'^ tea hu'cta qoan qlecd'ni? are we the 



ones splitting land-otter (tongues) to see people? {uhd'n we; 



yelid' the ones; At indefinite object, namely, tongues; tu we; 



XAC split; -k"^ sufRx [§ 20.3]; tea thus; leu' eta land-otter; qoan 



people; qleea'ni to see [uncertain analysis]) 

 xat yl siti'n agif do you see me? {xat me; yi you; si- prefix 



[§ 18.1]; t/ln to see) 



2. de following the verb indicates the imperative. 



Adjl't gut de! come up to me! {ax me; -dj intensive [§ 7]; -t to; 



gu to come; -t purpose [§ 20.1]) 

 d'uAX asaqo'x de! go with it around it! {a indefinite pronoun; 



nAX around ; a indefinite pronoun ; sa- prefix ; qox to go by canoe) 

 gA'nga naa't de! for firewood go! {gAn firewood; ga for; na- 



prefix [§ 17.5]; at to go) 

 U 21, 22 



