BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 219 



gl'tgalAh stin e'sin I a qenq.'a'oxafiAS he also saw his two chiUlren 

 sitting there {git chikl ; -ga possessive suffix ; -Ia h phiral suffix 

 with terms of relationship; stin two; e'sin also; Ia subjective 

 pronoun; gen stem to see; g!a to sit; -o suflixed auxiliary; 

 xan perhaps a form of gAh continuative [§ 24.1, p. 250]; -as 

 participle [§ 25.7, p. 254]) 



agA'n Ia sgAlga'idagAn he went stealthily (a (/^'fl reflexive; Ia sub- 

 jective pronoun; sgAl to hide; ga to go; -id inchoative; -agAn 

 past inexperienced) 



Ia gu Ia qaqea'tanagAn he went and looked at her Qa objective 

 pronoun; gu post-position at; I a subjective pronoun; qa to go; 

 qea to look; taTia to go by sea [?] ; -agAn past inexperienced) 



r qafdji Ia qinq'.a'idjudalasi he saw his head go by (Z' possessive 

 prefix 3d person singular; qa'dji head; I a subjective pronoun; 

 g'^n [same as qen\ to see; q!a-i- classifier [§ 15.18, p. 232J; 

 dju of that sort or kind ; dal to go ; -asi participle) 



gAm dalA'h l! qinxUxafhgA'ngasga they will not see you flying 

 about all the time {gAm negative particle; dalAn object 2d per- 

 son plural; l! subject 3d person plural; qin to see; xlt to fly; 

 xan [?]; -gAn continuative; ga [ ?J ; -sf/a future) 



While many verbs and nouns may enter into compositions like 

 those described, others occur, at least at present, only in such com- 

 positions, and therefore appear as prefixes or suffixes, according to 

 their position, preceding or following the third group, wdiich contains 

 the principal verbal stems. This is particularly true of the second 

 group, which contains a large group of nominal terms of very general 

 significance, each representing nouns conceived as possessing a cer- 

 tain form. Therefore the second group appears essentially as a group 

 of nominal classifiers, although special nouns occur occasionally in 

 the same position. The local relations which belong to the fourth 

 group never occur independently. 



§ 14. First Group: Instrumental Verbal Prefixes^ 



1 . ivn- BY means of the back. 



Ia ga u'ntclidani he carried some on his back (J a he ; ga some ; tci 



stem[?]; -■wZ inchoative ['?] ; -an past inexperienced [§ 23.2]; -i 



suffix [§ 25.6]) 

 XA'nagi Llna dl Ia u'nxidAS lu I wish he would carry me on his 



back face up {xa h face ; l !na I wish ; dl me ; I a he ; xit to pick 



up; -s participle [§ 25.7, p. 254]; lu when) 



1 See also § 17.1, p. 235. All references in § § 14-27 refer to the Skidegate Texts, Bulletin 29, etc. 



§14 



