BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 337 



§ 15, Particles that may Precede the Transitive Subject 



The particles enumerated in the present section differ from all those 

 previously treated, in that their connection with the verb is not so 

 close. h\ certain cases of the third person, to be discussed later, they 

 precede the transitive pronominal subject. Since many of these par- 

 ticles hav'e not been found with transitive verbs of this kind, it 

 remains doubtful whether they are simply adverbial particles placed 

 before the verb, or whether the first and second persons of the transi- 

 tive verb, when used as subject, precede them. The particles enumer- 

 ated under nos. 167-174 are more clearly connected with the verb 

 than the later ones. 



167. de- with, also, on (his) part (Tsimshian: dl,-). 



de-t-gun-g'e'lpt on her part, she ordered (her) to eat it 155.11 



de-uks-ha' dct he, on his part, ran out to tlie sea 104.13 



de-gidth's-d'' Ep-ma' (jf^t he also threw himself down 42.13 



de-t-gout he, on his part, took it 14.8 



nig'i-n dErii de-g'ipt not I shall, on my part, eat it 



de ntg'i di-deikH she, on her part, had no bag 206.9, 10 {de-di 



on her part; rug't not; dehl'^ bag) 

 ntg't-n de-g'a'at I have not seen him 

 Tsimshian: 



t ! Ein-d'i-yd' a he went to the fire, on his part 



dit-lEp'do' gEt he, on his part, took it himself 



ada g'ik dit q'am-gaf°tgE hcma'^xt and also he, on his part, 



blessed {q'am-gd'H) the woman ZE 797 



168. sEiti- very, exceedingly (Tsimshian: sEtti-). This particle is 



very free in its position. It is often used in nominal com- 

 pounds in the sense of genuine, 

 sEm-aba' g'^ askH he was much troubled 80.1 

 SEm-hasba-sg'e' to lay really upside down 214.11 

 sE7n-hd'ra a'Ig'ixnl I speak the truth 



yagai-SEm-lc'''d-wi-he'lt^ however, exceedingly very many 158.11 

 SEm-t-lo-qa! odEnt she emptied it inside entirely 208.7 

 SEm-ama sg'e'det they laid it down well 214.10 {am good; sg'l to 



lay) 



SEin-hux-de-Lga-wt'lk'stLk'^ also, on his part, a very prince {hitx 



also; de on his part; Lgo- little) 

 wl-SEm-ga'n the great very tree (i. e., cedar) 147.9 

 sEiii-ts'e' w%7i the very top 80.4 

 SEm-q' ai-tsetso' osk' just very small 171.8 

 SEm-(fain-k'''d'l really only one 145.13 



44877— Bull. 40, pt 1—10 22 § 15 



