350 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



In some cases a terminal -t is found which indicates presence and 

 nearness and corresponds to the analogous form in Tsirashian. 

 na-gan-liwilaf gut therefore I did so 113.6 

 This element is, however, quite rare in our texts. 



Connectives (§§ 21-31) 



§ 21. GENERAL REMARKS 

 The connective suffixes form a class by themselves. They are 

 always terminal in the word and connect two words that are syn- 

 tactically related. Therefore the}^ never stand at the end of a clause. 

 We must distinguish between attributive and adverbial connectives, 

 and predicative and possessive connectives. 



§ 22. ATTRIBUTIVE AND ADVERBIAL CONNECTIVES 

 'Em, The connective -e/ji is used to express attributive and adverbial 

 relations. Thus it occurs as — 



(1) Connective between adjective and noun, 



(2) Connective between two nouns, one of which has the function 



of an attrilmte. 



(3) Connective between an adverb or adverbial plirase and a verb. 

 The following examples illustrate the use of -Em: 



1. Between adjective and noun. In this case the adjective always 

 precedes the noun, and the connective is firmly attached to 

 it. The analog}^ with the second group suggests that the 

 adjective expresses the class of things referred to, while the 

 following noun qualifies the particular kind; as (je'sgiwi gan, 

 A SMALL TREE (namely, a slender thing which is a tree, or 

 which belongs to the class "tree''). 



sisd'sEin gan little sticks 27.15 



wl-he'ldEm g'at many people 28.12 



Lgo-gud' Em. Lgo-ik'''e' lI'^ little poor little boy 155.15 



ma'h'sgum, 1(7 op white stone 139.8 



wo' 6m wan the invited deer 83.3 

 Tsimshian : 



sl'lg'idEm lgu'°lg the eldest child ZE 783*® 

 lgu'°lgEiii hana'x little woman ZE 797.32 

 gwa'dElsE/n ye'^n cool fog ZE 707^*^ 

 lu'nl'SEni si'lpg dry bone 



Numerals do not take this connective, but take -l instead (see § 23) 

 (Tsimshian, -a pp. 351, 353). 

 §§21,22 



