352 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



Tsimshian: 



lEksg'ig'a'dE Ma'lstet various stars 



am A ylu'H a good man 



wl-le'^ksE lu-arn^al'm ga-gd'°dEmt we are exceedingly glad 



JclE'vEldE g'a'mgEt one moon 



hid' Me g'ad one person 



Jie'lds ts!ap many people 



§23. PREDICATIVE AND POSSESSIVE CONNECTIVES 



The development of these connectives is quite different in Nass and in 

 Tsimshian, and the two dialects must be treated quite independently. 

 In the present section I give the Nass forms. In all cases where the 

 connection between words is not attributive or adverbial, -l or -6- are 

 used as connectives, -s being applied in all cases where the following 

 noun is a proper name designating a person, a personal pronoun, a 

 demonstrative pronoun designating a person, or a term of relation- 

 ship. In all other cases -l is used. With terms of relationship -s is 

 not always used, but -l may be substituted. 



The particular cases in which -l and -s are used are the following: 



1. In sentences with intransitive verb, connecting predicate and 



nominal subject. 

 {a) -L. 



le-ia'qL oq a copper hung on it 138.3 



g'o'oL viaZ there lay a canoe 138.13 



hwtlh ts'Eme'lix' the beaver did so 81.4 



ts'enL ts'Eme'lix' the beaver entered 77.4 



a'lg'ixL vn-g'a't the great man said 195.15 

 {I) -s. ' 



gali-id's Tiak' Ts'ak* went up the river 117.6 



hwils dEp-be'Ehe my uncles did so 157.9 



xdax's Txd'-msEm TxamsEm was hungry 21.2 



2. In sentences with transitive verb, connecting predicate and nomi- 



nal subject. 

 {a) L. 



nLl"''et lehk'L gusli'skH then watched his nephews 9.5 

 wo'oL ti^Euie'lix' axt the beaver invited the porcupine 73.2 

 l6-d''Ep-Lo'6dEL sig'idemna'q ari'd'nt inside down put the chief- 



tainess her hand 183.8 

 {}}) -s. 



khcL-yu'kdEts Ts'ak' 16' op Ts'ak' carried a stone about 118.9 

 nLk'''et OX'S Ts'ak' Lgo-qa'mt Ts'ak" struck a little fire 118.12 

 t Awas Txa'msEm hwilp Txa'msEm found a house 43.3 



§23 



