BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 375 



A number of stems with prefixes also retain the same form in sin- 

 gular and plural : 



(/i(ns-ma'h'sl'^ white blanket hunl-dig'a't warrior 



gwis-halai't dancing-blanket lb-sand' lJi^ to be surprised 



lax-ama'li^s prairie SE-anuwo' q to rebuke ■ 



The same class occurs in Tsimshian. Here also all names of 

 animals have the same forms in singular and plural except those 

 of the dog {hd'^s) and the bear {pi). Names of parts of the l)od3'^ 

 appear also in the same form in singular and plural, although more 

 often they have the prefix qa-. 

 Examples are — 



netsEks fish-tail ' u to fish with line 



sa day ma'k' HI to drop down 



latsx smoked split salmon- lEhe'ld to forbid 



tail j}!eW to break law 



viag'a'sx berry aPlks servant 



hasa'x to desire 



§ 42. Second ami Third Groups, I*lurals formed by Re- 

 duplicatloti and Vowel Change 



In these groups are comprised the words the plurals of which 

 are formed l^y reduplication or diaereses. By far the majority of 

 words belong to this class. 



The plurals of the second group, which are formed by redupli- 

 cation, may be subdivided into the following groups: 



(a) The plural is formed generally by reduplication of the begin- 

 ning of the word, including the first consonant following the first 

 vowel, which method has been fully described in § 36. 



(b) Only in exceptional cases is the plural formed by the redu- 

 plication of the beginning of the word, including the first vowel. 

 The following instances of this type of reduplication used for form- 

 ing the plural have been observed. 



