BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 399 



Syntactic Use of the Verb (§§ 59-65) 



§ 59. Use of Snbjnnctii'e after Teinporal Pavtieles 



The method of formino- the modes has been discussed before, but it 

 remains to add some remarks on their use. By far the most common 

 form is the subjunctive. All historical prose, every sentence that does 

 not express the speaker's own immediate experience, is expressed in 

 this mode. For this reason almost all introductory conjunctions are 

 followed b}" the subjunctive mode. Possibl}^ this mode can best be 

 compared with our participles in so far as it often has a somewhat 

 nominal character. This is true particularly of the verb when intro- 

 duced by the temporal particles ////'i/, La, La, c/^z/i', (Tsimshian: und, la, 

 laP, dEin). The folio wing examples illustrate their use: 



1. Juvtl seems to indicate primarily an action or state, then the place 

 where an action takes place. It occurs commonly after verbs 



like TO KNOW, TO HEAR, TO SEE, TO FEEL, TO COME, TO GO, and 



other verbs of motion, to find, to tell, and after many adjec- 

 tives when treated as verbs. After the preposition a (see § 67) 

 it generally expresses causal relations. 



After hirUa'.i- to know: 



hwUd't/U hanla'nal'SEia eh't he know the condition of being* cooked 



of his seal 183.13 {a'nuk.'^ done; -ej/l attributive connective; elx 



seal) 

 at hwUaf.VL hwil JuuTa' .vI'^l haA'ltg'e he knew the being bad his 



doing 37,6 {hmVa'.d'^ bad; hwU to do) 

 (Compare with this nig' It hmila'x's Ts'ak' hl'ty'e Ts'ak* did not 



know what he said 127.7) 



After haq to feel: 



haqL hwil sqa-d'^dL dd'sguiti elx 183.10 she felt the piece of seal 



being across {sfja- across; (Pa to sit; dmk^ slice; elx seal) 

 nLk'"e Lat hagL dEm hivil ale'skH then he felt himself getting weak 



After nn.ma' to hear: 



naxna'L hvM a'lg'ixL qdq she heard that the raven spoke 151.11 

 t naxna'L hwtl hahd't fan mok'^L ia'nn he heard that some one was 



speaking who caught leaves 15.11 {het to say; nioh^ to catch 



with net; ia'ns leaves) 



(Compare with this t naxna'L hlL vn-d'e'sEt he heard what the old 



man said 22.6) 



§59 



