410 BUEEATT OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Ibull. 40 



§ 67. Preposition 



The preposition a is used to express local, temporal, and modal 

 relations. When used for expressing local relations, the particular 

 class is often expressed by the local particles prefixed to the verb and 

 substantive. The preposition always takes the connective suffix -l or 

 -s, as described in § § 23, 28. 



The following examples illustrate the wide application of this 

 preposition: 



1. Signifying at: 



haxL Lgo-a'k's cil awa'adetg'e a little water ran near them 117.3 

 {hax to rur.; Lgo- little; ak's water; mmi'a proximity) 



iaga-ma' gat ol g'd'u he put him down at the front of the house 

 46.8 {iaga- down; mag to put; g'd'u beach in front of house) 



ah g'd'lE(i outside 121.15 



2. Signifying in; generally with the verbal prefix lo- and with the 



substantival prefix ts'Em-: 

 lo-ma' <isk^L felx' a.L ts'Em-ts'ak: the grease ran in (into) the dish 



46.14(^0- in; maqsk^ to stand [plural]; felx' grease; Wehi- inside 



of; ts'ah' dish) 

 tq' al-lb-dz6' qst ah hwUpg'e he stayed in the house 64.11 {tq'al- 



against [i. e., permanently]; Id- in; dzoq to camp; hwilp house) 



3. Signifying on; generallj^ with verbal prefix U- and substantival 



prefix lax-: 

 le-iaq'h oq ah lax-ans'st a copper hangs on a branch 138.3 {le- on; 

 ia'q to hang; ane's branch) 



4. Signifying toward; often with the verbal prefix hagun-: 



hagun-ie'eL g'at aL awa'at a man went toward him 138.14 {hagun- 



toward; /e'e to go; g'atiwvin'^ avm' a \)Yox\m\iy) 

 id'et aL g'lle'lix' he went into the woods 119.11 

 g'a'askH aL lax-ha' he looked at the sky 137.6 



5. Signifying from: 



wUhH ah atoa'as noxt he came from near his mother 22.12 {wetk^ 



to come from; aioa'a proximity; nox mother) 

 Jc'saxt aL hwl'l}) he went out of the house 166.11 



6. Signifying to; used like our dative: 



himl hwt'ls dEp he'EheE as tie'sn thus did my uncles to thee 157.9 



{hwil to do; dEp plural; {^n-)he'eb uncle; -se my; ne' En thou) 

 g'tnd'mt aL Lgo-tk'''e'Lk^ he gave it to the boy 139.4 



7. Signifying with; instrumental: 



La'lhEL qhddo'x' aL ha-q^o'L she scraped the spoon with her fish- 

 knife 8.9 {La'lb to scrape; q^aldo'x' spoon; ha-q^o'L fish-knife) 

 §67 



