448 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



When a significant suffix is added to a word provided with a sig- 

 nificant suffix, the latter loses its formal, completive element, if it has 

 one, and the new suffix is attached to the theme of the first suffix. 

 For instance: 



tlEk^- to move, -ax- down (no. 19), -g'alU in house (no. 46), 



t ! skwa' xalll to take down in house 

 h'el- right, -li'lot opposite (no. 12), -ag- crotch (no. 71), -e^ noun 



(no. 161), lie'lk'lddage^ right side in crotch, i. e., right anal fin 

 xunk^- child, -ad having (no. 170); -x'Hd to begin (no. 90), 



xu'ngwadEX'Hd to begin to have a child 

 i.'ag"- red, copper; -e^st- around (no. 6), -g'alll in house (no. 46), 



-Ic^ passive participle, L'.d'gwe^stalilk^ made to be copper all 



around in the house 

 ^ttieI- white, -xlo hair of body (no. 76), -gsml mask (no. 54a), 



^mE'lxLogEml white body-hair mask, i. e., mountain-goat 



mask 



Other suffixes are added to words which retain their formal, com- 

 pletive elements. Examples are — 



stem. Completive suffix. Suffix. 



q'.d'lc^- slave -o -hido^ qld'lc'dbidd^ little slave 



g^lwds- to cry -a -hula g'.wd' sabula to pretend 



to cry 

 sds- children -Em -nuJc sd'sEmnuk having chil- 



dren 



In still other cases the usage is not absolutely fixed : 



TuLUL- to shoot, -hss fond of, ha'nlbES fond of shooting 

 e'ax- to work, -ala completive suffix, -hss fond of, e'axalabES fond 

 of work 



or with slight differentiation of meaning: 



1)e1c^- man, -dnEm completive suffix, -Ic'fdla noise 

 })Ek!wd'la man's voice 

 hEgwd'nEmk'ldla voice of a man 



For convenience' sake those suffixes that are attached to the stem 

 without its formal, completive endings may be called stem-suffixes; 

 the others which are attached to the stem with its formal endings, 

 word-suffixes. As indicated before, the line of demarcation between 

 these two classes is not rigidly drawn. An examination of the list of 

 word-suffixes shows that they include largely adverbial and con- 

 junctional ideas possessing a strong subjective element, and implying 

 a judgment or valuation of the idea expressed in the word to which 

 the suffix is attached. 



§ 18 



