BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 451 



One phonetic characteristic of the suffixes remains to be mentioned. 

 It is the insertion of I and the transformation of s and t into I. It is 

 difficult to give satisfactory rules for the use of the I. Apparently in 

 one of its uses it is related to the inchoative -g'il-, which has been 

 referred to before (p. 450), and it is sometimes weakening, sometimes 

 indifferent. Thus we find from the stem (ids- to walk, qddzEltu' SEla 

 TO BEGIN TO WALK DOWN RIVER, and the theoretical form qdsatu'sEla to 

 BE WALKING DOWN RIVER. Here the I weakens the terminal s of qds, 

 while in se'xultu'sEla to begin to paddle down river (from sex^- to 

 paddle) the terminal x" is not changed. This I appears with par- 

 ticular frequency after the suffix -o-, wdiich has a privative signifi- 

 cance, as in -wult'.a out of an enclosed place; -vmltd out of a 

 canoe; -wultos down out of; -wults.'o out of (no. 37). In the 

 suffix -sto^ eye, opening, the I is substituted for s, perhaps on account 

 of the cumbersome form that would result, -Itsto^. The terminal t of 

 the suffix -k'.'ot opposite (no. 12) changes regularly to I before ts!: 



Mlk 'Jolts! ana instead of helk'.'ot-ts.'dna right hand 

 It would seem that the I before ts! is sometimes a glide, at least I 

 can not offer a satisfactory explanation of its occurrence : 



0- SOMETHING, -ig'- BACK, -rts!dn- HAND, -e^ noun, form awi- 

 g'alts!drie- back of hand 



da TO TAKE, -ba end, ts!dn hand, -d inchoative, form dd'hai- 

 ts!dnEnd to lead by the hand 



^nsq- middle, -ts!d in, -la verbal ending, form ^nEgElts!d'la to 

 be in the middle 



Similar phonetic groupings occur, however, without the I: 



^wah WATER, -ts!d in, ^wd'hEts!d water in something 



Following is a hst of suffixes grouped according to their mode of 



attachment and effect upon the stem: 



WORD-STJFFIXE S 



Adverbial 



-Ems'k'^ I told you so! -hdla to pretend 



-Eug-a it seemed in a dream -^m indicating close connec- 

 -ana perhaps tion in thought between 



-axaa also two sentences 



-e£ astonishing! -^m-wis and so 



-wist!a very -md at once 



-ul past -t!a hut 



-p!En times -naxwa from time to time 



I 18 



