456 BTTREATT OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY fBt-LL. 40 



(4) Suffixes denoting special activities (§§ 33-34, nos. 136- 



155). 



(a) Activities of persons in general (§ 33, nos. 135-143). 



(b) Activities performed with special organs of the 



body (§ 34, nos. 144-155). 



(5) Suffixes which change the subject or object of a verb (§35, 



nos. 156-160). 



(6) Nominal suffixes (§ 36, nos. 161-194). 



(7) Adverbial suffix (§ 37, no. 195). 



III. Subsidiary suffixes (§ 38, nos. 196-197). 



In the following list the influence of the suffix- upon the stem is 

 indicated by abbreviations, stem-s. and word-s. indicate whether 

 'the suffix is added to the stem or to the full word. ind. signifies that 

 the suffix is indifferent and has no influence upon the stem except 

 as rec{uired by phonetic laws, h indicates that the terminal con- 

 sonant of the stem is hardened; w, that it is softened. 



§ 20. TERMINAL COMPLETIVE SUFFIXES (NOS. 1-2) 



1. -»[ STEM-S., IND.]. This suffix is of indefinite significance. It is 



the most common word-closing suffix of verbs, and is very 

 often used with substantives. Generally it disappears when 

 the stem takes one of the primary suffixes, and it is also often 

 dropped before syntactic suffixes. It is even dropped in the 

 vocatives of nouns. In both verbs and substantives it follows 

 very often the suffix -Z- (no. 91), which seems to have primarily 

 a verbal continuative character. 



(a) Verbal: 



mix'- mix'a' to strike 



qds- qa'sa to walk 



with -I- : 



ts.'EX'- tslEXi'la to be sick 



(6) Nominal: 



Isq^- Isqwa' five 



-ga female, as in Hd'Ha^md'laga mouse woman 11.12 (but 

 Hd'Ha^mdlag O mouse woman!) 

 with -I- : 



^na- light ^nd'la day, world 



paxa- shaman 'paxa'la shaman 



2. -d![sTEM-s.]. The first impression of the suffix -d is that it trans- 



forms intransitive verbs into transitive ones. 

 q.'oxts.'o' to have on q!dxts!o'd to put on 



Id'ha to go to the end Id'hEnd to reach the end. 



§ 20 



