boas] handbook of AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 457 



A closer examination shows that both forms occur in transitive 



as well as in intransitive verbs. 

 -d intransitive: 



^nEXwaf^xsdEnd to begin to be near 107.17 



L'.d'qwaxod to hand down a copper 84.3 



without -d, transitive : 



qfo'xts.'dla to have on 98.27 

 ne'xsdla to pull through 76.1 

 da'dsha to hold at end 254.36 



On the whole, it seems that the sufRx -d expresses the motions 

 connected with the beginning of an action; and, since transi- 

 tive verbs express much more frequently a passing act than a 

 long-continued activity, it seems natural that the suffix 

 should appear frequently with transitive verbs. 



Generally the suffix -d is suffixed to a primary suffix. When it 

 follows a terminal m, it is simply added; when the primary suf- 

 fix ends with a short vowel, the vowel is dropped and the ter- 

 minal -d takes the form -nd. After primary suffixes ending 

 in -0 or d, and after -axa down (no. 19), it amalgamates 

 with the terminal vowel and becomes -od. 



(a) -d: 



q.'Eue'pEmd to cover face 299.21 (from -gEm face; see no. 54) 



(b) nd: 



dzd'h-oxLEud to rub hind end 96.21 (from -xl- hind end; see 



no. 15) 

 Ho'tse^stEnd to cut around 138.18 (from -e^st- around; see 



no. 6) 

 ts.'ExbEtE'nd to throw in 365.16 (from -bst- into; see no. 28) 

 dd'hETid to take end 15.7 (from -h- end; see no. 31) 



(c) -od: 



ne'xsod to pull through 53.17 (from -xsd through; see no. 3) 

 Lld'sagod to put farthest seaward (from -ago extreme; see 



no. 13)' 

 iiEgd'^yod to move in middle 141.7 (from -o^yo middle; see 



no. 16) 

 ne'xustod to pull up 184.37 (from -ustd up; see no. 20) 

 g'.o'xts'.od to put on clothes 15.10 (from -ts!d in; see no. 27) 

 Ld'yabod to push under 80.13 (from -abo under; see no. 29) 

 Id'xtod to reach top 196.34 (from -xtd on top; see no. 30) 

 qix-o'd to take off 16.10 (from -o- off; see no. 37) 



§ 20 



