BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 519 



of reduplication differs according to the function it performs, but 

 great irregularities are found in some of the reduplicated forms. 



§ 41. ITERATIVE 



Duplication of the whole stem is used to express the idea of occa- 

 sional repetition of an action. The accent tends to be thrown back 

 to the first syllable. 



me'xa to sleep me'xmexa to sleep now and 



then 

 ha'iiLa to shoot Tia'nllianLa to shoot now and 



then 

 dzE'lxwa to run dzE'lx^dzElx^wa to run now 



and then 



Stems ending in vowels, and probably those ending in m, n, I, take 

 in this form a suffix -k' which is included in the duplication and 

 becomes a?" before consonants. 



tsd to draw water tse'x'tsek'a to draw water now 



and then 



la to go Id'x-lak'a 



to to attack to'xHokwa 



ts!d to give ts!d'xHs!dkwa 



xo to split xo'x^xokwa 



no to aim no'x^nokwa 



fe'no to pole teTmxHe'nukwa 



qlwa to stand spread out [plu- q.'wd'x'qwak'a ( = umbrella) 



ral] 



Jia^m- to eat ha'mx'hamk'a 



TduTYiEl- to burn TdwniE'lx'hlumElk'a 



§ 42. DISTRIBUTIVE PLURALITY 



Distributive plurality is expressed by reduplication of the first few 

 sounds of the word, the form of reduplication showing great varia- 

 tions, according to the phonetic character of the word. In some 

 cases modifications of the vowel take the place of reduplication ; but 

 it would seem that most of these cases are due to secondary modi- 

 fication, perhaps to phonetic decay, of reduplicated forms. Prob- 

 ably in all forms of these reduplicated plurals there remains a hiatus 

 between the reduplicated syllable and the stem. 



(1) Reduplication of the first consonant with e vowel is used when 

 the accent of the reduplicated word remains on the word itself, and 

 does not move back to the reduplicated syllable. To this class 



§§ 41, 42 



