522 BUKEAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



qut'.a full ququtla' 195.27 (but also 



qeqd't.'a 235.27) 

 gEnE'm wife gEgEnE'm 467.41 



ade' my dear aade' 



(7) The vowel a when initial, or when preceded by h or y, shows 

 many peculiarities. When accented in the distributive plural, it 

 takes the form ae. 



hap- hair hae'p.'oTna skins, animals 



^yd'^yats.'e canoe ^yae'^yats'.e 136.5 



^yixu'ml mask ^yae'xuml 226.7 



Here may be grouped also forms like — 



alk'' attendant ahjilk'^ 136.15 



a'mlala to play aE'mldla 134.24 



In the same way e accented becomes a^ya: 



^e'Z^a youth Tia^y a' l^a 151. S 



A transformation of initial a into e takes place in — 



ahE'mp mother ehs^mp 151.14 



The same, combined with change of a into e% is found in — 



a^yaso' hand e^e^yaso' 175.25 



Initial o and wa take sometimes the forms ad; viz, wad. 



wa'ts.'e dog wao'ts'.e 



Among those forms in which reduplication gradually assumes the 

 character of change of vowel, may be classed — 



wafldEm word wo'ldsm 



ts.'Edd'q woman tsle'ddq (but in the dialect of 



northern Vancouver island, 

 regularly ts lets ! Edd' q) 



tsId'ts.'Edag Em girl ts!d'ts!eddgEm 48.21 



Quite irregular, perhaps derived from a stem wo-, is — 



omp father vno'mp father's generation 



§ 43. SUFFIXES REQUIRING REDUPLICATION OF THE STEM 



A number of suffixes are used either regularly or frequently with 

 reduplicated forms of the stem or with stems expanded in other ways. 

 The general and underlying idea seems to be that of extent in time or 

 in space by repetition. In these cases reduplication is generally by 

 repetition of the first consonant with a vowel ; but in many cases the 

 short stem vowel is expanded into d or into other long vowels. 



§43 



