526 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



Stem Noun To eat— 



Jc'Iot- to stand on Ic'lo'tEla fish, salmon Jdd'tk.'wat to eat 



edge salmon 



dzds- dza'le cockle dzd'sdzas 



xol- xoHe' large mussel xo'lxwal 



(c) Stems ending in consonantic clusters. 



stem Noun To eat— 



xams- xa^md's dry salmon xa'msxds 



HeIs HeIs crabapple tiE'lst.'ds 



tsElx'^- (?) tsE'lxHsdx'^ 



qfans- qld'nas large chiton q.'E'nsq.'ds 



g'lnl- g'ind'uEm child g'i'nlg'dl 



UNREALITY {§§ 44-46) 

 §44. General Remarks 



The concept that a word approaches the idea conveyed by its stem, 

 without really being that idea, is often expressed by reduplication. 

 Two principal forms may be distinguished: (1) the diminutive, and 

 (2) the tentative. 



§ 45. The Diminutive 



The diminutive is formed by the suffix -eth, which softens the ter- 

 minal consonant (§ 29, no. 110a); and by reduplication with a vowel. 

 Generally the stem is reduplicated, but in cases of ambiguity the 

 whole word may be reduplicated. 



g-dli^ house g'd'g'ogum little house 



LOS tree Ld' LodzEm 



gweg'- whale gwd'gweg'im 



sl'x^- paddle sd'sewum 



g'inl- child g'd'g'inlETn 



1)e1c^- man hd'bagum boy 



Irregular is so'hayu adze; sa?/d6£?n, which softens its initial s to y 

 (see § 42). 



The whole word is reduplicated, and takes the suffix -Em, in — 

 me'gwat seal md'm'egwadE'm 



Tc'ld'ldt purpose Ida'Jc' !old'dEiyi 



ts.'sdd'q woman tsId'tslEddgsTn 



ge'was deer - gd'gewadzEm 



The same forms with added a are used to express the idea of to 



PLAY WITH. 



sd'sewuma to play paddling 

 Tid'naLEma to play shooting 

 §§ 44, 45 



