544 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



In these cases we find generally the suffix -a for the third person 

 demonstrative invisible, because the object is necessarily conceived 

 in this position. 



3. Wlien the noun is followed by the possessive -s of the third 

 person. 



g'a'xe lax g' o'JcwasEn ^nEmd'hwe he came to the house of my friend 



§ 60, Ohjective and Instratnental 



The use of the objective and instrumental with different verbs 

 shows great irregularities. On the whole, the objective is used only 

 when the action directly affects the object; while in other cases, 

 where a direction toward an object is expressed, periphrastic forms 

 are used. Wlienever an action can be interpreted as performed with 

 an instrument, the instrumental is used, for which the Kwa'g'ul has 

 a great predilection. In many cases, however, both instrumental 

 and objective may be used, according to the point of view taken. 

 We find, for instance, the following instrumentals : 



(la^niEn) Le'qslas tiex'i'la lag I name it "door" 9.14 {Leg- name; 

 -s [instr.]; t'.ex'i'la door; lag going to it) 



Le'gadES Da'hEnde having the name of Da'bEnd 15.8 



we'g'a gwa/s ^etses g'dxllaos mention your reason for coming 16.10 

 {we'g'a go on; gwa'sHd to mention; -se* your [instr.]; g-dx to 

 come; -g'll reason [no. 176, p. 508]; -ads your) 



sd'hEUtsox he overdoes this 18.1 



^yd'lagas g-%nd'nEm, he sent the child 



le ts.'ds then he gave it 18.11 



las'in t!e'gwa])LEntsa He's Erne he put on the fire the stones 20.8 



we'g'a, ds'nxHtsEn glE'indEina go on! sing (with) my song 451.25 



All passives are constructed with the instrumentalis. 



gd'sHdayusa ahd'Henox^ he was walked away with by the wolves 



^ 61, Periphrastic Forms 



Whenever the activity does not influence the object directly, but 

 is rather directed toward the object, periphrastic forms, which may 

 be termed "the locative," are used. These are formed with the verbs 

 la TO GO, and g'dx to come, the former being used for the second and 

 third persons; the latter, for the first person, inclusive, and exclusive, 

 these verbs being treated as transitive verbs with objects. 



la'e Id'hEta lag then he went in to it (-bEta into [no. 28, p. 465]) 

 le^stall'sEla Id'xEUS ^nd'lax he went around our world 12.7 

 §§60,61 



