576 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



weak to stand alone. The most complex of these words contain all 

 the elements of the sentence. Their order is as follows: 



(1) Modai element (transitional, participial). 



(2) Pronominal elements. 



(a) Subject. 

 (6) First object, 

 (c) Second object. 



(3) Following one of these may stand an element expressing the 

 possessive relation between the subject and the objects. 



(4) Adverbial prefixes. 



(5) Direction of verbal action. 



(6) Verbal stem, single or compound. 



(7) Adverbial sufhxes. 



These elements are, of course, hardly ever all represented in one 

 word. Following are a few characteristic examples of these words: 



d-m-L-a-x-cg-d'm-x thou wert in the habit of taking it from her 



a- aorist (1, see § 17) 



m- thou, subject (2a, see § IS) 



L- it, object (26, see § 18) 



a- her, second object (2c, see § 18) 



-X- indicates that it belongs to her (3, see § 24) 



Elements 4 and 5 are not represented. 



-eg- >tem to take (6) 



-am completive (7a, see § 29) 



-X usitative {Ih, see § 32) 

 tc-t-a-l-b' -t-a he will give them to her 



tc- he, subject (2a, see § 18) 



t- them, object (26, see § 18) 



a- her, second object (2c, see § IS) 



-I- to (4, see § 25) 



-0- direction from speaker (5, see § 26) 



-ot- stem TO GIVE (6) 



-a future (7, see § 32) 



Elements 1 and 3 are not represented. 

 There are, of course, transitive verbs with but one object. In 

 most intransitive verbs all the elements relating to the object disap- 

 pear and the form of the word becomes comparatively simple. 



L-o-c it is 



L it, subject (2a, see § 18) 



-0- direction from speaker (5, see § 26) 



-c stem TO BE, singular (6) 



§16 



