BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGEl? 579 



3. (i~. This prefix is confined to the intransitive verbs of the Upper 



Chinook (Kathlamet), and indicates the future. When fol- 

 lowed by a vowel, it takes the form al-. 



a-m-o'-kL-a thou wilt carry her {a- future; m- thou; o- con- 

 tracted for a- her and o- directive; -kh stem to carry; -a 

 future) 

 Before vowel : 



ol-d'-mE-qt-a she will die {al- future; -o- contracted for a- she 

 and -0- directive; -msqt stem to die; -a future) 



In the dialects east of the Kathlamet it is used also with transitive 

 verbs (Sapir). 



a-tc-i-gE'l-kEl-a he will see her {a- future ; -tc- he ; -i- him ; -gEl- 

 verbal prefix; -IceI to see; -a future) 



4. gci-f before vowels f/dJ-. This prefix is confined to the dialects 



east of the Kathlamet. It expresses time long past, and is 



always used in the recital of myths (Sapir) . 

 (ja-y-u'iia he went (see analysis under 2) 

 gal-u'i/a she went (see analysis under 2) 

 ga-tc-i-gE'l-kEl he saw him (see analysis under 2) 



n- may be used in place of this prefix. 



5. tta-^ before vowels mil-. This prefix is confined to the dialects 



east of the Kathlamet. It refers to recent time exclusive of 

 to-day, more specifically to yesterday. Its use is analogous to 

 that of the preceding. (E. Sapir.) 



6. h-, </-. This prefix has nominal significance, and designates the 



ONE WHO IS, DOES, or HAS. 



k-tgs'-ka-l those who fly (k- nominal; -tgs they; -Tea to fly; -I 



always) 

 k-ck-t-a-xo' -il those two who always make them; {ck- they two 



[transitive subject]; -t- them; -a- directive before -x; -xo-il to 



work always) 



This prefix is used most frequently with nouns in possessive form, 

 designating the one who has. 



g-i-ta -ki-kEl-al those who have the power of seeing {%- mascu- 

 line, -td- their; -ki- indicates that there is no object; -ksl to 

 see; -al always) 



g-i-Ld'-ma^ the one who is shot (i- masculine; -zd- its; -ma^ the 

 condition of being shot) 



k-Ld' qewam the one who has shamanistic power {-Ld- its; -qewam 

 shaman's song) 



§17 



