580 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



7. W-, This seems to have been at one time the prefix which charac- 



terized nouns. It is no longer in general use, but persists in a 

 few terms like we'wuLe interior of house, we'Jcoa day 

 (Kathlamet), welx country (Kathlamet), and in geographical 

 names like WapLo'tci salal-berries on stump. It is always 

 ■followed by the masculine or feminine intransitive pronoun. 

 Its former general use may be inferred from the pronominal 

 form 0- of all feminine nouns, which is probably a contraction 

 of w- and the ordinary intransitive feminine pronoun a-. In 

 Upper Chinook the forms wi- and wa- are preserved before 

 -short words. There is no trace of the former existence of 

 this prefix before the pronominal forms of neuter, dual, and 

 plural, all of which are consonantic, while masculine and femi- 

 nine are both vocalic (e- and a-) . It seems probable that its 

 use, like that of n-, was confined to vocalic pronouns (§ 17.1). 



8. na'. This is a nominal prefix indicating locality. It occurs 



principally in place names, Nakdt'.d't (see § 40). 



§ 18. Pronominal JElenients 



It has been stated that the pronominal elements in the verb are 

 subject, first object, second object. The whole series occurs in some 

 transitive verbs only. In form, the subject of the transitive verb is 

 somewhat differentiated from the other forms, while the objective 

 pronouns coincide with the subjects of the intransitive, and are 

 closely related to the personal pronouns which appear attached to 

 nouns. 



The possessive has a series of peculiar forms. In the noun the 

 order is personal pronoun, possessive pronoun. Thus the pronouns 

 may be divided into three large groups, which may be called transi- 

 tive, intransitive, and possessive. 



TABLE OF PRONOUNS 



Transitive Intransitive Possessive 



1st person n- n- -Ice- -gs- 



Exclusive dual nt- nt- -nt- 



Exclusive plural ntc- ntc- -ntc- 



Inclusive dual tx- tx- -tx- 



Inclusive plural Ix- Ix- -Ix- 



2d person singular m- m- -m- 



2d person dual mt- mt- -int- 



2d person plural mc- mc- -mc- 



§18 



