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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



[bull. 40 



(6) In a number of cases the plural is formed by the insertion of 

 the syllable -yu- which may be either an affix or may be considered 

 as an expansion of the vowel of the stem by dieresis. 



Singular Plural 



to bathe -^ot -'otjut 



to rise -xalatcJc -xalayutck 



to notch -tsleLX -tsld'yuLX 



to dance -witch -wdyutclc 



to awaken -^otc -'oyutc 



(7) The personal demonstrative pronoun has a plural in -c. 

 x'l'ta these things x'l'tac these menl . .^^. 



qo'ta those things qo'tac those men! 



(8) Several nouns and verbs form singular and plural from distinct 

 or distantly related stems, as: 



Singular 



woman d-^d'huil 



child L-li!d'sks 



child (some one's) i-xa 



relative l-icx 



slave e-la'itix' 



eye e'-qot 



to be -o-c 



to cry -gs'tsax 



to stand -txuit 



to die -o-WEqt 



to kill -d-wa^ 



Plural 



t-d'tiErnclcc 



t-qd'sosiniks 



L-a 



t-colal 



t-eltgeu 



Dual s-qoct 

 -x-ela-itix' 

 -xenem 

 -xena 

 -XE'-L-ait 

 -o-tena 



i^ 39. VOCATIVE 



A few nouns, particularly terms of relationship, have a vocative, 

 which has no pronominal element, as : 

 ad younger brother! 

 dts younger sister! 

 l<:d''pxd elder brother! elder sister! 

 qdc grandchild ! (said by man) 

 lia'e grandchild ! (said by woman) 



ma' ma father! 



aq son 



ac daughter! 

 cikc friend! 



§ 40. DERIVATION OF NOUNS 



On the whole the derivation of the numerous polysyllabic nouns in 

 Chinook is obscure. Evidently a considerable number of nominal 

 affixes exist, which, however, occur so rarely that their significance 

 can not be determined. Examples are the derivatives from the stem 

 elx LAND, COUNTRY — ill'l COUNTRY (the X disappears because the vowel 

 following Ix carries the accent) LqoLe'lxEmk person, e'lxam town, 



§§39,40 



