BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 617 



§ 42. COMPOUND NOUNS 



There are only very few examples of nouns compounded of two 

 independent elements, as : 



c-gE-mo'lak-tcxict my elk nose 193.19 (c- dual; -gE- my; -molak 



elk; -tcxict nose) 

 t.'agela'lcte woman's utensils (t- plural; -^age'lalc woman; -Me 



things) 

 i-k!ani-y-i'lxam myth town 216.8 {i- masculine- -Icamun myth; 

 -elxam. town) 



A number of nouns, particularly names of animals, are descriptive 

 in character. These were probably used as alternates in case one 

 name of an animal became tabued through the death of a person 

 bearing its name, or a name similar to it. Examples are: 



iqatsle'Lxak having a notch around itself, i. e., with a thin belly 



( = panther) 

 oqots.'id'yuLxak those having notches around themselves ( = ants) 

 itcd'yau d'yaqtq snake's head ( = dragon fly) 

 e'galELX going into the water ( = mink) 

 otco'itxul dip-net maker ( = spider) 

 eqe'wam the sleepy one ( = a fish [sp.]) 

 oJc o' Ixul thiei ( = mouse) 

 iklu'tk'.ut the one who always breaks (bones) ( = dog [Kathla- 



met dialect]) 



§ 43. SUBSTANTIVES AS QUALIFIERS 



Substantives are often used to qualify other substantives. In this 

 case the qualifying substantive takes the gender of the one qualified: 



0' o'lcxola o^o'wiin a male silver-side salmon 109.3 

 e^e'kil imo'lak a female elk 264.3 

 e'kxala imo'lak a male elk 264.2 



These qualifiers are not adjectives, but remain true substantives, 

 as is shown by the feminine prefix o-, which is characteristic of 

 substantives. 



§ 4:4. Demonstrative Pronouns and Arlvei^bs 



(1) Detnonstrfitive Pronouns of Louder Chinook. The 



structure of the demonstrative pronoun of the Chinook proper 

 is analogous to that of the noun. It consists of a modal element, 

 which seems to express visibility and invisibility; the personal 

 pronoun which expresses gender; and the demonstrative element, 

 which expresses position near the first, second, and third persons. 



§§42-44 



