618 BUREAU OF AMERlCAlSr ETHiSTOLOGY [bull. 40 



(1) Modal element. 



Visibility, or existence in present time x'- 

 Invisibility, or existence in past time q- 



(2) Gender. 

 Masculine -i- 

 Feminine -a- 

 Neuter -l- 

 Dual -d- 

 Plural -t- 



(3) Demonstrative element. 



Near first person -Jc 



Near second person -au (-i-a) . 



Near third person -x {-o-a) 



In the forms with consonantic pronoun (-£-, -ct-, -t-), the demonstra- 

 tive element is represented by a secondary character i- (-e-) pre- 

 ceding the pronoun for the demonstratives of the first and second 

 persons ; -u- for the demonstrative pronoun of the third person. 



Thus the following table develops: 



Present, Visible 



Masculine Feminine Neuter 



Near 1st person x'iJc x'ok x'lLik 



Near 2d person x'iau x'au x'iia 



Near 3d person x'ix' x'ax x'OLa 



Plural, 

 Dual Plural human 



beings 



Near 1st person x'lctih x'ltiJc x'itihc 



Near 2d person x'lcta x'lta x'Uac 



Near 3d person x'octa x'ota x'otac 



Past, Invisible 



Masculine Feminine Neuter 



Neiw 1st person - - - 



Near 2d person qiau - qeLa 



Near 3d person qix' qax qoLa 



Plural, 

 Dual Plural human 



beings 



Near 1st person - - - 



Near 2d person qecta qeta qetac 



Near 3d person qocta qota " qotac 



The forms for past or invisible near the first person do not seem to 

 occur. Besides these, emphatic forms occur in which the initial 

 elements are doubled. Of these I have found the following: 



§44 



