BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 627 



Besides these, Doctor Sapir has recorded in Wishram the following: 

 Shortest form : 



na{x) I ya{x) he da'-itc they 



la'-itc they (Wishram Texts 



48.4) 



a'-itc they 

 Inclusive : 



nai'tia I too ya'xtla he too la'-it!%kc they too 



Ixai't'.ikc we too da'-iHikc they too 



a' -it like they too 



He remarks that the demonstratives of the third person {ya'xia) 



seem morphologically parallel to first and second personal emphatic 



pronouns (na'ya) ; that the demonstrative element -i- is characteristic 



of the first and second persons, -x- of the third; as in 



na-i-Jca I ya-x-ka he 



na.'-i-t!a I too ya-x-t.'a he too 



na'-{i)-^ja I ya'-x-ia he 



These elements -i- and -;r- are probably identical with Chinook -l- 

 and -X', -X in x'l'La and x'ix', x'ax. 



Particles (§§ 46-52) 



§ 4:6. Attyilmte CompJenients 



It is one of the most striking characteristics of the Chinook lan- 

 guage that a few verbs of very indefinite meaning which require 

 subjective and objective attribute complements are applied with 

 great frequency. By far the greater number of these, and the most 

 characteristic ones, are words that do not require pronominal prefixes. 

 Man}^ are clearly of onomatopoetic origin. In some cases it appears 

 doubtful w^hether the words belong to the regular vocabulary of the 

 language, or wdiether they are individual productions. This is true 

 particularly when the words do not form part of the sentence, but 

 appear rather as independent exclamations. Examples of this kind 

 are the following: 



oxuiwa'yul kumm, Jcumm, Jcumm, Tcumm they danced, kumm, 



kumm, kumm, kumm, 167.5 (here humm indicates the noise of 



the feet of the dancers) 

 homm, igud'nat eniLcL'kux homm, I smell salmon 67.3 

 a'lta, psmm, tEmMsga'nuks go id'yacqL now pemm, flies were 



about his mouth 72.22 {pEmm indicates the noise of flies) 

 tcx, tcx, tcx, tcx, go Lkameld^lsq there w^as noise of footsteps (tcx) 



on the sand 75.3 



H6 



